Psychology Chapter 11 & 12: Aggression and Group Dynamics

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Questions and Answers

What major social psychology concept explains why individuals might prioritize group goals over personal interests?

Altruism

Social Identity Theory

Superordinate Goals (correct)

Individualism

Which hypothesis suggests that positive emotions can help build social bonds and relationships over time?

Cognitive Dissonance

Exchange Theory

Broaden-and-Build Hypothesis (correct)

Self-Regulation Theory

In a social dilemma game, what is typically the outcome when individuals cooperate?

Maximum personal gain

Loss for the group as a whole

Greatest benefit for all participants (correct)

An even distribution of resources

What is a common reason individuals might choose defection over cooperation in group dynamics?

Desire for individual recognition Signup and view all the answers

Which group dynamic concept refers to how member interactions evolve in a competitive setting over time?

Group Evolution Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of cross-cutting identities in social groups?

Identity overlap among different groups Signup and view all the answers

How might the evolution of group living be explained in psychological terms?

Enhanced survival through collaboration Signup and view all the answers

What principle explains the tension between individual interests and group needs in social dilemmas?

Cooperation vs Defection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of social dilemma games?

Situations where individual interests conflict with collective interests. Signup and view all the answers

What is a key predictor for cooperation versus defection in social dilemma games?

Expectations of others' behavior. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Ultimatum Game, what is the primary action taken by one player?

To propose a division of resources. Signup and view all the answers

How do sanctions typically impact behavior during social dilemma games?

They can promote cooperation by increasing the consequences of defection. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the just world belief?

Individuals believe that the world is inherently fair. Signup and view all the answers

Which outcome is commonly associated with the Public Goods Game?

Over-exploitation of resources due to selfishness. Signup and view all the answers

What does the broaden-and-build hypothesis suggest about positive emotions?

They enhance social connections and individual resources over time. Signup and view all the answers

In moral dilemmas, what is often the central conflict?

Balancing personal morals against societal expectations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines prejudice?

An unjustified negative attitude towards a person based on their group membership. Signup and view all the answers

What is a stereotype?

A widely held but oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents discrimination?

Making decisions that disadvantage individuals based on their group membership. Signup and view all the answers

Which personality traits are commonly associated with prejudiced attitudes?

Authoritarianism and low empathy. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of level of action description, how might a prejudiced person describe positive behavior by an out-group member?

As manipulative and insincere. Signup and view all the answers

What is stereotype threat?

The anxiety experienced by individuals who fear confirming negative stereotypes about their group. Signup and view all the answers

How can superordinate goals influence intergroup relations?

By fostering cooperation between groups to achieve a shared outcome. Signup and view all the answers

What do social dilemma game outcomes typically reveal?

Cooperation can lead to better outcomes for both individuals and groups under certain conditions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter Eleven: Aggression and Violence

Aggression: Defining aggression, four types of aggressive behaviors (examples needed), relationship between aggression and testosterone, socioeconomic status' effect on this relationship, how females and males express aggression, and the Robber's Cave study (Sherif et al., 1961).
Culture of honor: Relationship between aggression and the culture of honor. Effect of violent video games on behavior and perceptions of violence. Correlation between gun ownership rates and homicide rates.
Kitty Genovese case: Understanding the Kitty Genovese case, the explanation for the inaction of bystanders, defining altruism, evolutionary basis of altruism, likelihood of helping in urban vs. rural areas.

Chapter Twelve: Group Dynamics

Group dynamics: Understanding the evolutionary basis for group living, how group dynamics play out in computer simulations, how minority groups influence majority groups.
Groupthink: Defining groupthink. Examples. Characteristics promoting groupthink. Strategies to reduce/prevent groupthink.
Social facilitation: Defining social facilitation, including an example.
Deindividuation: Defining deindividuation, including an example. Reasoning for poor decisions made by highly competent group members.
Conformity: Defining conformity, compliance, and obedience. Understanding the differences between conformity and compliance, including the Asch study (line lengths)
Social Networks: Understanding social networks, including concepts like cliques and bridges.

Chapter Thirteen: Prejudice, Stereotypes, and Discrimination

Prejudice, Stereotypes, & Discrimination: Defining, providing examples, and differentiating between prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination.
Personality traits & prejudice: Most commonly associated personality traits with prejudiced attitudes.
Level of action descriptions: Explanation and examples of how prejudiced individuals might interpret behaviors.
Stereotype threat: Define and provide examples.
Stereotype-behavior confirmation: Define and provide examples.
Subtyping: Define and provide examples.
In-group/out-group dynamics: Defining out-group homogeneity, in-group heterogeneity, out-group derogation.
Reducing bias: Definition of superordinate goals, their role in reducing bias (like the Robber's Cave study), cross-cutting identities, broaden-and-build hypothesis.

Social dilemma games: Predictors of cooperation vs. defection, Ultimatum game, public goods game, impact of sanctions.
Belief in a just world: Description and example of just world belief. Effect on perceptions of contributions & rewards in group settings.
Moral dilemmas: Defining moral dilemmas, Kohlberg's approach to moral dilemmas, 5 fundamental values according to Haidt. Difference in value sensitivity between political groups in the US. Ego-defense mechanism discussion and possible causes.
Moral hypocrisy: Definition and factors influencing greater instances of moral hypocrisy.

Chapter Fifteen: Justice System

Justice System: Impact of capital punishment on homicide rates, influence of eyewitness testimony, own-race bias, false memory syndrome, interrogation processes and bias.
Juror decision making: Factors important in jurors' decisions (guilty/not guilty).
Authority figures & persuasion: Impact of authority figures on judgements and conclusions about guilt or innocence (e.g., Rodney King case).
Subjective Well-Being: Stress impacting well-being, defining mindfulness and impact on well-being.
Computer Simulations: Potential outcomes and patterns of norms/values from computer simulations of social change. Conditions under which minorities can influence majorities.

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Explore the intricate concepts of aggression and violence alongside group dynamics in this comprehensive quiz. Delve into defining aggression, its cultural implications, the effects of video games, and theories of altruism. Additionally, learn about the dynamics within groups, groupthink, and minority influences on majority behavior.