Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the factors contributing to group polarization?
What is one of the factors contributing to group polarization?
- Confirmation Bias
- Anchoring Bias
- Social Comparison (correct)
- Cognitive Dissonance
What is the effect of diffusion of responsibility in group decision making?
What is the effect of diffusion of responsibility in group decision making?
- It reduces the likelihood of extreme positions being adopted
- It encourages balanced decision-making
- It has no impact on decision-making
- It can lead to a willingness to take greater risks and adopt more extreme positions (correct)
In a criminal trial, what is the typical decision rule for a group outcome to be determined?
In a criminal trial, what is the typical decision rule for a group outcome to be determined?
- Unanimous decision
- Simple majority
- 2/3-majority (correct)
- 1/3-majority
What is the impact of group size on jury decision making in a criminal trial?
What is the impact of group size on jury decision making in a criminal trial?
What is the order effect in a criminal trial with multiple charges?
What is the order effect in a criminal trial with multiple charges?
What is normative influence in group polarization?
What is normative influence in group polarization?
What is the impact of informational influence in group polarization?
What is the impact of informational influence in group polarization?
What is the impact of social comparison in group polarization?
What is the impact of social comparison in group polarization?
What is the impact of understanding group polarization?
What is the impact of understanding group polarization?
What is the positive implication of group polarization?
What is the positive implication of group polarization?
What is entitativity in the context of groups?
What is entitativity in the context of groups?
What characterizes high-entitativity groups?
What characterizes high-entitativity groups?
What principle guides common-bond groups?
What principle guides common-bond groups?
What is the primary focus of common-identity groups?
What is the primary focus of common-identity groups?
What effect is observed in the presence of an unresponsive audience?
What effect is observed in the presence of an unresponsive audience?
What does drive theory propose about the presence of others?
What does drive theory propose about the presence of others?
What type of tasks are likely to show improvement in the presence of others according to social facilitation effect?
What type of tasks are likely to show improvement in the presence of others according to social facilitation effect?
What is the impact of increased arousal on behavior according to drive theory?
What is the impact of increased arousal on behavior according to drive theory?
What is the source of social facilitation effect in the presence of others?
What is the source of social facilitation effect in the presence of others?
What type of groups have clear boundaries, internal homogeneity, and shared fate?
What type of groups have clear boundaries, internal homogeneity, and shared fate?
According to Zajonc's arousal theory, what effect does the presence of others have on performance?
According to Zajonc's arousal theory, what effect does the presence of others have on performance?
What is the key difference between a work group and a work team?
What is the key difference between a work group and a work team?
What does role theory focus on within a group?
What does role theory focus on within a group?
What is the process of members' commitment and role changes within a group called?
What is the process of members' commitment and role changes within a group called?
What are the stages of development that interactive groups go through?
What are the stages of development that interactive groups go through?
What does the Ringelmann effect refer to?
What does the Ringelmann effect refer to?
What does social loafing involve?
What does social loafing involve?
What is brainstorming?
What is brainstorming?
What does group polarization refer to?
What does group polarization refer to?
What contributes to individuals becoming more extreme in their opinions within a group, as explained by group polarization?
What contributes to individuals becoming more extreme in their opinions within a group, as explained by group polarization?
What is the primary difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression?
What is the primary difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression?
What did the study involving film descriptions reveal about high trait aggressive individuals?
What did the study involving film descriptions reveal about high trait aggressive individuals?
What is desensitization in the context of mass media and aggression?
What is desensitization in the context of mass media and aggression?
What is the portrayal of aggressors in mass media according to the text?
What is the portrayal of aggressors in mass media according to the text?
What is the impact of situational determinants on aggression?
What is the impact of situational determinants on aggression?
What is the key characteristic of instrumental aggression?
What is the key characteristic of instrumental aggression?
What did the study involving film descriptions reveal about low trait aggressive individuals?
What did the study involving film descriptions reveal about low trait aggressive individuals?
What does the Catharsis hypothesis propose?
What does the Catharsis hypothesis propose?
What is the key concept of Type A personality?
What is the key concept of Type A personality?
What does the general aggression model propose as personal factors influencing aggression?
What does the general aggression model propose as personal factors influencing aggression?
What is the purpose of an operational definition in empirical research on aggression?
What is the purpose of an operational definition in empirical research on aggression?
What is the primary focus of evolutionary social psychology?
What is the primary focus of evolutionary social psychology?
What is the biological basis for all social behavior according to evolutionary social psychology?
What is the biological basis for all social behavior according to evolutionary social psychology?
What does the Darwinian theory emphasize in relation to aggression and survival?
What does the Darwinian theory emphasize in relation to aggression and survival?
What is the concept of catharsis in relation to aggressive motivation?
What is the concept of catharsis in relation to aggressive motivation?
What is the purpose of an analogue device in research on aggression?
What is the purpose of an analogue device in research on aggression?
According to the text, which theory explains that arousal from one source can lead to an aggressive response if interpreted as appropriate?
According to the text, which theory explains that arousal from one source can lead to an aggressive response if interpreted as appropriate?
What did the Bobo doll experiment demonstrate about children's behavior?
What did the Bobo doll experiment demonstrate about children's behavior?
In the culture of honor, what can damage a man's reputation and lead to validation of abuse in relationships?
In the culture of honor, what can damage a man's reputation and lead to validation of abuse in relationships?
According to the text, which theory emphasizes that aggressive behaviors are learned in association with specific cues and are susceptible to reinforcement or rewards?
According to the text, which theory emphasizes that aggressive behaviors are learned in association with specific cues and are susceptible to reinforcement or rewards?
What does the neo-associationist analysis suggest can lead to aggressive behavior through memory networks and priming effects?
What does the neo-associationist analysis suggest can lead to aggressive behavior through memory networks and priming effects?
According to the text, what factors can influence the level of aggression due to frustration?
According to the text, what factors can influence the level of aggression due to frustration?
According to the text, what can lead to unintended aggressive consequences according to the excitation-transfer model?
According to the text, what can lead to unintended aggressive consequences according to the excitation-transfer model?
Which measure was used to assess mood in the study?
Which measure was used to assess mood in the study?
What was the finding regarding the relationship between media violence consumption and behavior in the school year?
What was the finding regarding the relationship between media violence consumption and behavior in the school year?
What did the study with 227 college students show about the link between violent video game playing and aggressive behavior?
What did the study with 227 college students show about the link between violent video game playing and aggressive behavior?
What was the association between time spent playing video games and academic grades in college?
What was the association between time spent playing video games and academic grades in college?
What was the finding regarding the effect of exposure to violent video games on aggressive behavior in participants?
What was the finding regarding the effect of exposure to violent video games on aggressive behavior in participants?
What did the study suggest about the noticeability of high temperatures and their impact on attributions of discomfort?
What did the study suggest about the noticeability of high temperatures and their impact on attributions of discomfort?
What does the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis propose?
What does the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis propose?
What does the Bobo doll experiment demonstrate about children's behavior?
What does the Bobo doll experiment demonstrate about children's behavior?
What does the culture of honor emphasize?
What does the culture of honor emphasize?
What does the excitation-transfer model suggest?
What does the excitation-transfer model suggest?
What does social learning theory emphasize about aggression?
What does social learning theory emphasize about aggression?
What does the neo-associationist analysis suggest about exposure to violent media?
What does the neo-associationist analysis suggest about exposure to violent media?
What is the definition of hate crimes according to the text?
What is the definition of hate crimes according to the text?
What is the role of goal importance, severity of interference, frequency of interference, and goal proximity in aggression according to the text?
What is the role of goal importance, severity of interference, frequency of interference, and goal proximity in aggression according to the text?
What is the key difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression?
What is the key difference between hostile aggression and instrumental aggression?
What did the study involving film descriptions reveal about high trait aggressive individuals?
What did the study involving film descriptions reveal about high trait aggressive individuals?
What is desensitization in the context of mass media and aggression?
What is desensitization in the context of mass media and aggression?
What does the Catharsis hypothesis propose?
What does the Catharsis hypothesis propose?
What is the impact of situational determinants on aggression?
What is the impact of situational determinants on aggression?
What is the portrayal of aggressors in mass media according to the text?
What is the portrayal of aggressors in mass media according to the text?
What characterizes high-entitativity groups?
What characterizes high-entitativity groups?
What did the study with 227 college students show about the link between violent video game playing and aggressive behavior?
What did the study with 227 college students show about the link between violent video game playing and aggressive behavior?
What does the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis propose?
What does the Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis propose?
What was the finding regarding the effect of exposure to violent video games on aggressive behavior in participants?
What was the finding regarding the effect of exposure to violent video games on aggressive behavior in participants?
What is the impact of increased arousal on behavior according to drive theory?
What is the impact of increased arousal on behavior according to drive theory?
What is the key concept of Type A personality?
What is the key concept of Type A personality?
What is the impact of situational determinants on aggression?
What is the impact of situational determinants on aggression?
What is the impact of social comparison in group polarization?
What is the impact of social comparison in group polarization?
What does the Darwinian theory emphasize in relation to aggression and survival?
What does the Darwinian theory emphasize in relation to aggression and survival?
What is the primary focus of evolutionary social psychology?
What is the primary focus of evolutionary social psychology?
What is the key concept of Type A personality?
What is the key concept of Type A personality?
What is the purpose of an analogue device in research on aggression?
What is the purpose of an analogue device in research on aggression?
What is the impact of catharsis hypothesis according to the text?
What is the impact of catharsis hypothesis according to the text?
What does the general aggression model propose as personal factors influencing aggression?
What does the general aggression model propose as personal factors influencing aggression?
What is the impact of situational determinants on aggression?
What is the impact of situational determinants on aggression?
What is the impact of group size on jury decision making in a criminal trial?
What is the impact of group size on jury decision making in a criminal trial?
What is the portrayal of aggressors in mass media according to the text?
What is the portrayal of aggressors in mass media according to the text?
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Study Notes
Group Dynamics and Performance
- Zajonc's arousal theory suggests that the presence of others automatically produces arousal, leading to improved performance with a correct dominant response and impaired performance with an incorrect dominant response.
- A work group is a collection of people interacting with interrelated task goals, whereas a work team has interdependent actions, specific roles, and common task goals.
- Role expectations, role conflict, and role differentiation are key aspects of role theory, which focuses on specific positions within a group and the behaviors directed towards individuals in those positions.
- Group socialization is the process of members' commitment and role changes within a group.
- Interactive groups go through five stages of development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning.
- Groups are often better than an average individual but may be worse than the best member, with performance varying based on the task and decision-making context.
- The Ringelmann effect refers to the reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task, attributed to factors such as output equity, evaluation apprehension, and matching to standards.
- Social loafing is the reduction in individual effort on a collective task due to the belief that others are also working, while social compensation involves increased effort to compensate for other group members' lack of effort.
- Brainstorming is the uninhibited generation of ideas in a group to enhance creativity, but it can lead to differences in opinions, such as choice shift and group polarization.
- Group polarization refers to the phenomenon where individuals' attitudes or opinions become more extreme over time as a result of group discussion or interaction.
- Group polarization can be explained by social comparison theory (normative influence) and persuasive argument theory (informational influence), both of which contribute to individuals becoming more extreme in their opinions within a group.
- Group polarization can occur in various contexts, such as social, political, or organizational settings, and can lead to more extreme or polarized opinions within a group.
Effects of Media, Video Games, Heat, and Construal Processes on Aggression
- High trait aggressive individuals felt more angry after viewing violent videotapes than low trait aggressive individuals
- Mood measurements included a Hostility subscale of the revised Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist
- Videotape violence increased aggression in high trait aggressive individuals more than low trait aggressive individuals
- 530 3rd, 4th & 5th grade students participated in a study linking media violence to aggressive behavior and hostile attribution bias
- Consumption of media violence early in the school year predicted higher aggressive behavior and less prosocial behavior later in the school year
- Media effects study with 227 college students showed a link between violent video game playing and aggressive behavior
- Time spent playing video games was associated with lower academic grades in college
- Exposure to violent video games temporarily increased aggressive behavior in participants
- High temperatures are more noticeable early in the day and may lead to attributing discomfort to heat rather than the actions of others
- In the evening, high temperatures may not be as noticeable, leading to attributing heat-induced arousal to another person's action
- Aggression was measured using physical aggression, relational aggression, verbal aggression, and prosocial behavior subscales
- Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis suggests that all frustration leads to aggression, and all aggression comes from frustration. Aggression reduces tension generated by frustration
Effects of Media, Video Games, Heat, and Construal Processes on Aggression
- High trait aggressive individuals felt more angry after viewing violent videotapes than low trait aggressive individuals
- Mood measurements included a Hostility subscale of the revised Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist
- Videotape violence increased aggression in high trait aggressive individuals more than low trait aggressive individuals
- 530 3rd, 4th & 5th grade students participated in a study linking media violence to aggressive behavior and hostile attribution bias
- Consumption of media violence early in the school year predicted higher aggressive behavior and less prosocial behavior later in the school year
- Media effects study with 227 college students showed a link between violent video game playing and aggressive behavior
- Time spent playing video games was associated with lower academic grades in college
- Exposure to violent video games temporarily increased aggressive behavior in participants
- High temperatures are more noticeable early in the day and may lead to attributing discomfort to heat rather than the actions of others
- In the evening, high temperatures may not be as noticeable, leading to attributing heat-induced arousal to another person's action
- Aggression was measured using physical aggression, relational aggression, verbal aggression, and prosocial behavior subscales
- Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis suggests that all frustration leads to aggression, and all aggression comes from frustration. Aggression reduces tension generated by frustration
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