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Questions and Answers
Which chapter primarily focuses on the impact of stress on health?
Which chapter primarily focuses on the impact of stress on health?
In which chapter would you find concepts related to human interaction and behavior?
In which chapter would you find concepts related to human interaction and behavior?
What is the main focus of Chapter 13?
What is the main focus of Chapter 13?
Which chapter likely includes terms related to coping strategies for stress?
Which chapter likely includes terms related to coping strategies for stress?
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Which chapter would explore theories explaining the causes of psychological conditions?
Which chapter would explore theories explaining the causes of psychological conditions?
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If researching the effects of group dynamics, which chapter would be most relevant?
If researching the effects of group dynamics, which chapter would be most relevant?
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Which chapter is likely to discuss behavioral interventions for stress reduction?
Which chapter is likely to discuss behavioral interventions for stress reduction?
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In which chapter would you primarily learn about social influence and its effects on behavior?
In which chapter would you primarily learn about social influence and its effects on behavior?
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Study Notes
Chapter 10: Stress & Health
- Biopsychosocial model: considers biological, environmental, and psychosocial factors in the etiology of disorders
- Psychological disorders often have multiple risk factors
- Health psychology highlights the interconnectedness of biological, psychological, and social factors in physical health
- Stages of Change Model: a five-step process for behavioral change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation/determination, action, and maintenance. Relapse is normal.
- Motivational Interviewing: a therapy technique to help clients overcome conflicts, find motivation, and change behaviors. Key components include empathy, building self-efficacy, and working with resistance.
Stress
- Hans Selye's research on stress responses revealed that stress affects the body in similar ways across different problems
- Autonomic nervous system: plays a key role in stress responses. Sympathetic system activates the "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic system calms the body down.
- Yerkes-Dodson Law: optimal performance requires a specific level of arousal. More arousal is needed for simple tasks than complex tasks.
- Stress and Health: Stress can have significant effects on the body, including the immune system. Long-term stress can compromise the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illness. Prejudice and discrimination are significant sources of stress for marginalized groups.
Coping with Stress
- Personal control: internal locus of control (feeling in control) vs. external locus of control (feeling no control) influences coping strategies for stress
- Learned helplessness: reduced effort or motivation to alter circumstances when previous attempts to change were unsuccessful
- Optimism: a positive outlook can be a resilience factor in dealing with challenging situations. Optimistic people are more likely to attend to health-related information during stressful situations.
Chapter 11 Social Psychology
- Social Psychology: The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to each other
- Social cognition: how people use and process social information. Person perception and attributions (explanations for behavior) are part of that process.
- Fundamental attribution error: tendency to overemphasize internal characteristics (versus external situations) when explaining behavior of others.
- Self-serving bias: taking credit for successes and denying responsibility for failures.
- Attitudes and actions: attitudes are related to how we respond to people, events, and objects.
- Foot-in-the-door phenomenon: complying to a small request often leads to complying to larger requests
- Conformity: changing behaviors to meet expectations or norms of a group
- Obedience: following commands or directives given by authority figures
Chapter 11 Social Psychology continued
- Social facilitation: improved performance in the presence of others
- Social loafing: reduced effort in groups, where individuals feel less accountable for their contributions
- Group polarization: strengthening pre-existing attitudes within a group setting via discussion and information
- Social identity: positive feelings about oneself can stem from group membership (in-group bias).
- Prejudice: negative attitude toward a group and its members
- Discrimination: unjust or unfavorable treatment of individuals based on group membership.
Other key concepts (from various chapters)
- Cognitive dissonance: mental discomfort arising when attitudes and actions conflict.
- Self-perception theory: forming attitudes by understanding one's behavior.
- Altruism: helping others
- Psychological disorders: behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that cause distress and problems functioning in daily life (deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing)
- Etiology: factors that cause a disorder
- Comorbidity: having multiple disorders
- DSM-5: a diagnostic manual for psychological disorders
- Anxiety disorders: excessive or persistent worry or fear impairing daily functioning (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, Specific Phobia).
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
- Dissociative Disorders
- Bipolar Disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Personality Disorders
- Treatments: Exposure therapy, social anxiety therapy, CBT, and other methods
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Description
Explore the intricate relationship between stress and health in this comprehensive quiz on Chapter 10. It covers the biopsychosocial model, stages of change, and motivational interviewing techniques. Test your knowledge on the physiological responses to stress and how various factors influence physical health.
