Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is Science?
What is Science?
What does systematic empiricism involve?
What does systematic empiricism involve?
Learning based on observation through carefully planned processes.
Falsifiability means that a scientific claim can be empirically tested to be false.
Falsifiability means that a scientific claim can be empirically tested to be false.
True
What is an example of pseudoscience?
What is an example of pseudoscience?
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Basic research in psychology aims to achieve a more detailed and accurate understanding of ___
Basic research in psychology aims to achieve a more detailed and accurate understanding of ___
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What is the primary purpose of applied research?
What is the primary purpose of applied research?
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Which fallacy refers to the tendency to focus on cases that confirm our intuitive beliefs?
Which fallacy refers to the tendency to focus on cases that confirm our intuitive beliefs?
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Common sense can always be relied upon to reach accurate conclusions about psychology.
Common sense can always be relied upon to reach accurate conclusions about psychology.
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Match the following research types with their purposes:
Match the following research types with their purposes:
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Science is a systematic approach to understanding the natural world.
Science is a systematic approach to understanding the natural world.
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What is one of the three fundamental features of science?
What is one of the three fundamental features of science?
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What does the term 'pseudoscience' refer to?
What does the term 'pseudoscience' refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT a step in the model of scientific research in psychology?
Which of the following is NOT a step in the model of scientific research in psychology?
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Basic research is primarily conducted for which purpose?
Basic research is primarily conducted for which purpose?
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The Barnum effect refers to claims that are too ______ to be specific.
The Barnum effect refers to claims that are too ______ to be specific.
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What are mental shortcuts also called?
What are mental shortcuts also called?
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Confirmation bias leads to focusing on evidence that contradicts our beliefs.
Confirmation bias leads to focusing on evidence that contradicts our beliefs.
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Study Notes
Understanding Science in Psychology
- Cognition leads to logical fallacies and cognitive processes that are independent, proving one event does not happen if the other does.
- Science organizes knowledge about the natural world, is systematic, testable, and predictive.
- Psychology examines human behavior using intuition, authority, reasoning, and systematic empiricism.
Features of Science
- Systematic Empiricism: Knowledge acquired through carefully planned observation and analysis.
- Empirical Questions: Questions that can be addressed through systematic observation, allowing for testing and falsification.
- Public Knowledge: Scientific discoveries are published for public scrutiny, enabling correction of errors and collaborative growth in knowledge.
Science vs. Pseudoscience
- Falsifiability: A claim is scientifically valid if it can be tested and potentially proven false.
- Pseudoscience lacks testable hypotheses, employs non-scientific methodology, relies on anecdotal evidence, and often ignores contradictory data.
- Barnum Effect: General claims that can apply to many people, making them seem universally valid.
- ROT Test: A method to evaluate scientific validity through repeatability, observability, and testability.
Model of Scientific Research in Psychology
- Observe and Question: Begin with literature review and observations.
- Make Predictions: Formulate hypotheses based on rationale.
- Testing Predictions: Conduct experiments to answer research questions.
- Analyze Results: Review data to draw answers.
- Conclude and Publish: Share findings to contribute to academic literature and spur new inquiries.
Who Conducts Research in Psychology
- Research is performed by individuals with advanced degrees (PhD/Masters), assistants with Bachelor's degrees, and members of various organizations including government and nonprofits.
Purposes of Scientific Research
- Basic Research: Aims for a deeper understanding of behavior without specific practical goals, often conducted in lab settings.
- Applied Research: Focused on solving practical problems with immediate relevance.
Science and Common Sense
- Common sense is not always reliable; empirical research often contradicts intuitive beliefs.
- Folk Psychology: Intuitive understanding of human behavior which does not hold true under scrutiny.
- Heuristics and Biases: Shortcuts like confirmation bias lead to flawed beliefs; widely endorsed ideas may not be accurate.
- Conjunction Fallacy: Probability estimates are reduced when events are seen in conjunction.
Understanding Science in Psychology
- Cognition leads to logical fallacies and cognitive processes that are independent, proving one event does not happen if the other does.
- Science organizes knowledge about the natural world, is systematic, testable, and predictive.
- Psychology examines human behavior using intuition, authority, reasoning, and systematic empiricism.
Features of Science
- Systematic Empiricism: Knowledge acquired through carefully planned observation and analysis.
- Empirical Questions: Questions that can be addressed through systematic observation, allowing for testing and falsification.
- Public Knowledge: Scientific discoveries are published for public scrutiny, enabling correction of errors and collaborative growth in knowledge.
Science vs. Pseudoscience
- Falsifiability: A claim is scientifically valid if it can be tested and potentially proven false.
- Pseudoscience lacks testable hypotheses, employs non-scientific methodology, relies on anecdotal evidence, and often ignores contradictory data.
- Barnum Effect: General claims that can apply to many people, making them seem universally valid.
- ROT Test: A method to evaluate scientific validity through repeatability, observability, and testability.
Model of Scientific Research in Psychology
- Observe and Question: Begin with literature review and observations.
- Make Predictions: Formulate hypotheses based on rationale.
- Testing Predictions: Conduct experiments to answer research questions.
- Analyze Results: Review data to draw answers.
- Conclude and Publish: Share findings to contribute to academic literature and spur new inquiries.
Who Conducts Research in Psychology
- Research is performed by individuals with advanced degrees (PhD/Masters), assistants with Bachelor's degrees, and members of various organizations including government and nonprofits.
Purposes of Scientific Research
- Basic Research: Aims for a deeper understanding of behavior without specific practical goals, often conducted in lab settings.
- Applied Research: Focused on solving practical problems with immediate relevance.
Science and Common Sense
- Common sense is not always reliable; empirical research often contradicts intuitive beliefs.
- Folk Psychology: Intuitive understanding of human behavior which does not hold true under scrutiny.
- Heuristics and Biases: Shortcuts like confirmation bias lead to flawed beliefs; widely endorsed ideas may not be accurate.
- Conjunction Fallacy: Probability estimates are reduced when events are seen in conjunction.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts introduced in Chapter 1 of Psychology, focusing on the definition and the significance of science within the field. It addresses the nature of logical fallacies and how cognitive processes influence our understanding. Test your knowledge of the scientific approaches used in psychology.
