Psychology Chapter 1 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What does 'physiological' refer to?

The scientific study of behavior

Having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding

An assumption or prediction about behavior

Having to do with an organism's physical appearance (correct)

What does 'cognitive' mean?

Having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding

What is psychology?

The scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research

Define hypothesis.

An assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research Signup and view all the answers

What is a theory in psychology?

A set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered to scientific study Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps included in a scientific theory?

Question, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusion, theory Signup and view all the answers

What does a psychoanalyst study?

Unconscious motives and conflicts that determine human behavior, feeling, and thoughts Signup and view all the answers

What does a behaviorist analyze?

How organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their responses to events in the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the belief of a humanist psychologist?

Each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth Signup and view all the answers

What does a structuralist study?

The basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a psychologist?

A scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals Signup and view all the answers

What is a psychiatrist?

A medical doctor with additional training in the diagnosis and treatment of mental and emotional disorders Signup and view all the answers

What does a developmental psychologist study?

Physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span Signup and view all the answers

What do educational psychologists focus on?

How psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of a community psychologist?

Working in mental health or social welfare agencies Signup and view all the answers

What does an experimental psychologist study?

Sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions Signup and view all the answers

What are the four goals of psychology?

Description Signup and view all the answers

What does an environmental psychologist study?

The effects of the environment on people Signup and view all the answers

What is applied science?

Using principles we already know to solve immediate problems Signup and view all the answers

What is basic science?

Performing research Signup and view all the answers

What is free association in psychoanalysis?

A method of exploring the unconscious in which the person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind Signup and view all the answers

What does empirical refer to?

Based on observation or experiment Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the 'Father of Psychology'?

Wilhelm Wundt Signup and view all the answers

What did William James study?

How humans use perception to function in our environment Signup and view all the answers

What concept is Abraham Maslow known for?

Hierarchy of needs Signup and view all the answers

What did Sigmund Freud contribute to psychology?

Psychoanalysis and the concept of personality including id, ego, and superego Signup and view all the answers

What is Jean Piaget known for?

A 4-stage theory of cognitive development Signup and view all the answers

What techniques did B.F. Skinner create?

Techniques to manipulate the consequences of an organism's behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does introspection mean?

A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Concepts in Psychology

Physiological: Relates to the physical appearance of an organism.
Cognitive: Pertains to mental processes including thinking and understanding.
Psychology: The scientific study of behavior, grounded in empirical research.
Hypothesis: A testable assumption or prediction regarding behavior.
Theory: A collection of assumptions aimed at explaining phenomena, subject to scientific scrutiny.
Scientific Theory Process: Involves questioning, hypothesizing, experimenting, analyzing results, concluding, and theorizing.

Types of Psychologists

Psychoanalyst: Focuses on unconscious motives and inner conflicts that shape behavior and thought.
Behaviorist: Studies learning and behavior modifications in response to environmental stimuli.
Humanist: Emphasizes individual freedom and personal growth in shaping one’s future.
Structuralist: Investigates the fundamental elements of conscious experiences.

Professional Distinctions

Psychologist: A researcher of the mind and behavior, generally without medical prescribing authority.
Psychiatrist: A medical professional adept at diagnosing and treating mental disorders, authorized to prescribe medication.
Developmental Psychologist: Studies changes in physical, cognitive, and social development across the lifespan.
Educational Psychologist: Explores the impact of psychological processes on teaching and learning.
Community Psychologist: Works within mental health or social welfare settings to enhance community well-being.
Experimental Psychologist: Conducts research on perception, motivation, and emotion under controlled conditions.

Goals and Methodologies in Psychology

Four Goals of Psychology: Encompasses description, explanation, prediction, and influence of behavior.
Environmental Psychologist: Examines the influence of surroundings and social networks on individuals.
Applied Science: Utilizes established principles to address practical issues.
Basic Science: Conducts foundational research to advance understanding.

Methods of Exploration

Free Association: A psychoanalytic technique for uncovering unconscious thoughts by allowing free expression.
Empirical Evidence: Based on observable and experimental experiences.
Introspection: A self-reflective method for participants to convey their internal thoughts and feelings.

Influential Figures in Psychology

Wilhelm Wundt: Established the first psychology laboratory; recognized as the "Father of Psychology."
William James: Pioneer of functionalism; explored how perception aids in environmental adaptation.
Abraham Maslow: Known for humanism and the hierarchy of needs, emphasizing self-actualization.
Sigmund Freud: Founder of psychoanalysis; introduced concepts like id, ego, and defense mechanisms.
Jean Piaget: Developed a four-stage model of cognitive development based on assimilation and accommodation.
B.F. Skinner: Innovator in behaviorism; studied the effects of behavior manipulation through his Skinner box method.

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Test your knowledge with this quiz focusing on key vocabulary from Psychology Chapter 1. Each flashcard presents essential terms and their definitions, helping you grasp the fundamental concepts of psychology. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of the subject!