Psychology Chapter 1 Quiz Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

In an experiment, what is the independent variable?

Deliberately manipulated by the researcher

Who is the formal beginning of psychology associated with?

Wilhelm Wundt

A double-blind procedure is to overcome __________.

experimenter expectations

The field of phrenology is associated with whom?

<p>Gall</p> Signup and view all the answers

The structuralist perspective was replaced by other views.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

A detailed explanation of the study and its procedures is a component of informed consent.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Gestalt psychology emphasize?

<p>The organization of perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three branches of the psychology family tree?

<p>Evolutionary psychology, clinical neuropsychology, counseling psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological perspective is Abraham Maslow associated with?

<p>Humanistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sigmund Freud is associated with which psychological perspective?

<p>Psychodynamic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What perspective is Karen Horney associated with?

<p>Cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological approach is Carl Rogers associated with?

<p>Humanistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

What psychological theory is Wilhelm Wundt related to?

<p>Structuralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is William James known for?

<p>Functionalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does structuralism focus on?

<p>Uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of functionalism?

<p>The functions of mental activity and behavior adaptation to environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gestalt psychology may be seen as a reaction to __________.

<p>structuralism</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are theories in psychology?

<p>Broad explanations and predictions concerning phenomena of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are hypotheses in psychology?

<p>Predictions stemming from a theory that can be tested</p> Signup and view all the answers

College students are representative of the population at large.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does experimental psychology study?

<p>The process of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who believed that children were born with minds like 'blank slates'?

<p>John Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does clinical neuropsychology focus on?

<p>The origin of psychological disorders in biological factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is social psychology?

<p>The study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Tabula rasa' means:

<p>Blank slate</p> Signup and view all the answers

In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists rely on what?

<p>The scientific method</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is introspection?

<p>A procedure used to study the structure of the mind based on self-reporting of experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the order of events in an experiment?

<p>Informed consent &gt; experiment &gt; debriefing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the emphasis of the humanistic perspective?

<p>Free will</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does neuroscience focus on?

<p>Behavior from the perspective of the brain and biological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is health psychology?

<p>Explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

Obfuscation is one of the goals of psychology.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is associated with the behavioral perspective?

<p>Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the moral benefit of wisdom according to Proverbs?

<p>Proverbs 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Proverbs warn against?

<p>Rejecting wisdom</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Proverbs, what is the beginning of wisdom?

<p>Fear of the Lord</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Proverbs warn against enticement?

<p>Warnings against enticement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Psychology Basics

  • Independent variable in experiments is manipulated by the researcher.
  • Wilhelm Wundt marks the formal beginning of psychology.
  • Double-blind procedures help eliminate experimenter expectations.

Historical Perspectives

  • Phrenology is linked to Franz Joseph Gall.
  • Structuralism has been replaced by other theories, indicating evolution in psychology.
  • Gestalt psychology emphasizes the organization of perception, reacting against structuralism.

Key Figures and Theories

  • Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers are pivotal to humanistic psychology.
  • Sigmund Freud is associated with psychodynamic theory.
  • William James introduced functionalism, focusing on the functions of mental activities.

Psychological Branches

  • Main branches of psychology include evolutionary psychology, clinical neuropsychology, and counseling psychology.
  • Experimental psychology studies processes like sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking.
  • Social psychology investigates how individuals are influenced by others.

Core Concepts

  • "Tabula rasa" translates to "blank slate," a concept proposed by John Locke regarding child development.
  • Neuroscience examines behavior from biological perspectives, incorporating brain and nervous system functions.
  • Health psychology investigates the link between psychological factors and physical health.

Research Methodology

  • Psychologists employ the scientific method to study mind and behavior.
  • Introspection involves participants describing their experiences when exposed to stimuli.
  • The experiment flow follows informed consent, the experiment itself, and concludes with debriefing.

Psychological Constructs

  • Theories provide broad explanations and predictions, whereas hypotheses are specific, testable predictions derived from theories.
  • Emphasis in humanistic psychology lies in free will and personal growth.
  • Clinical neuropsychology links psychological disorders to biological origins.

Moral and Ethical Considerations

  • Proverbs highlight moral wisdom and warnings against rejecting wisdom and enticements, pointing to insights on the value of wisdom.
  • Fear of the Lord is depicted as the foundation of wisdom in Proverbs.

Miscellaneous

  • College students do not represent the wider population.
  • Obfuscation is not a goal of psychology; clarity and understanding are paramount.
  • B.F. Skinner is renowned for his contributions to the behavioral perspective.

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Description

Test your knowledge of key concepts from Chapter 1 of psychology. This quiz covers essential terms and definitions, including independent variables, the origins of psychology, and various research methodologies. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of foundational psychological principles.

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