Introduction to Psychology Concepts

<p>Recording behavior in its natural setting without interference. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency to answer questions in a socially favorable manner. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can lead to unrealistic self-perceptions and skew findings. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The group of individuals participating in the study. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetics and brain structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychodynamic Psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural, ethnic, and environmental factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyses learned behaviors and their modifications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>thinking and perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Survival advantages related to genes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychodynamic Psychology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>environmental interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Every member has an equal chance of being selected. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A sample that mirrors the characteristics of the entire population. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both variables increase or decrease together. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the correlation can be attributed to an unobserved variable. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Choosing individuals based on their availability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Knowing the relationship exists but not the cause and effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To illustrate correlations between two variables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One variable decreases as the other increases. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree/strength and direction of a relationship. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They receive the actual treatment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not receive any treatment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neither the participants nor the experimenters know which group is which. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To establish a control for psychological effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A response based solely on expectations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single-blind study. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the experimenter knows the group assignments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manipulate and observe effects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variables that measure the effects of independent variables (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The extent to which an experiment measures what it intends to (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A distortion that can affect data and results due to researcher influence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Quantitative research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Qualitative research (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can skew results and lead to incorrect conclusions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methods that gather in-depth insights but lack quantifiable data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as participants who are part of the study (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It informs participants of the study's aim and methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single score that represents a dataset (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By adding all scores and dividing by the count of scores (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme scores in a sample will be balanced out over time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The proportion of scores lower than a specific score (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The average distance of scores from the mean (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Standard deviation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scientific study of the mind and behavior.

Focuses on how genetics, the nervous system, hormones, and brain structures influence a person's thinking and behavior.

Emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind: the memories, feelings, and drives that are outside of our awareness.

Emphasizes the impact of people's culture, religion, ethnicity, gender, income level, and overall environment on a person's thinking and behavior.

Focuses on how behaviors are learned and modified.

Studies how thinking and perception influence behavior.

Looks for aspects of human thought and behavior that help us and our genes survive over time.

A statement that can be proven false through scientific testing.

A specific, measurable way to define and measure variables in a research study.

Repeating a study with different participants to see if the results are consistent.

Observing behavior in its natural setting, without interfering.

The tendency for people to present themselves in a favorable light when answering questions.

A source of bias in research where participants provide inaccurate information about themselves.

The group of people who participate in a research study.

A sample of individuals who accurately reflect the characteristics of the entire group being studied.

Choosing participants for a study simply because they are easily accessible.

A sample where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

The entire group that you are interested in studying.

When two variables move in the same direction. As one increases, the other also increases, or as one decreases, the other decreases.

When two variables move in opposite directions. As one increases, the other decreases, or vice versa.

A problem in correlation studies where we can't determine which variable causes the other.

When a third, unaccounted-for variable is actually responsible for the correlation between two other variables.

The variable the experimenter manipulates to see its effect. It's the 'cause' in the experiment.

The variable that is measured to see if it's affected by the independent variable. It's the 'effect' in the experiment.

A variable that influences both the independent and dependent variables in a confusing way.

The extent to which an experiment accurately measures or predicts what it intends to.

When the researcher influences data, participants, or results either intentionally or unintentionally.

A research method that relies on numerical data like survey results or test scores.

A research method that relies on in-depth, narrative analysis that can't be translated into numbers. This includes data like case studies or interview responses.

A type of quantitative research that uses a scale with a range of responses, typically from strongly agree to strongly disagree.

A numerical value that expresses the degree/strength of the relationship and its direction.

A carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables to see if it influences some other variable.

The group of people who receive the treatment.

The group of people who do not receive the treatment.

Participants do not know which group they are in, but the research does.

Neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group until the results are calculated.

A harmless substance or procedure that seems real but has no physiological effect.

A real response to the placebo based solely on expectations, not on the actual properties of the action or substance.

Participants in a research study who are intentionally misled about the study's true purpose to maintain the integrity of the experiment.

The process of informing research participants about the true nature of an experiment after it has been completed, including its purpose and methods.

A single number that represents the whole set of scores in a data set.

The average score in a sample. It's calculated by adding all the scores and then dividing by the number of scores.

The middle score in a sample, when the scores are arranged in order from lowest to highest.

The most frequently occurring score in a sample.

The tendency for extreme scores in one sample to be followed by scores closer to the mean in the next sample. It happens because extreme scores are less likely to be repeated.

A statistical measure that compares a score to others in a group by showing the percentage of scores that are lower than it. For example, a percentile rank of 75 means that 75% of the scores are lower than that score.