Psychology Chapter 1: Introduction to Psychology

<p>Perception as a unified whole rather than individual parts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clinical Psychology (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personality Psychology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Historical exclusion and biases against women (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diversity in research practices and recognition of biases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Algorithm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anchoring (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analytical, Creative, Practical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual can only solve problems in one way. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hierarchical structure of abilities. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dyslexia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to intelligence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Object Permanence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Multiple Intelligences (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorporating healthful habits and social connections. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ground findings in objective, empirical evidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descriptive Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Results are unlikely due to chance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extinction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Giving extra homework for disruptive behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A clear specification of how variables are measured (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning through observation and imitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theory is a well-developed explanation; a hypothesis is a testable prediction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive reinforcement adds a pleasant stimulus to increase behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To protect participants' rights and welfare (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing a cognitive map of a maze without external rewards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neither researchers nor participants know group assignments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning can result from experience, even when it’s not immediately observable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The scientific study of mind and behavior, investigating both observable actions and internal thoughts and emotions.

Focused on the basic elements of consciousness through introspection, like breaking down a thought into its individual parts.

Emphasized the purpose of behavior and how it helps us adapt to the environment, like a continuous flow of mental activity.

Focused on unconscious motives, early childhood experiences, and analyzing dreams to understand behavior.

Emphasized the importance of personal growth and innate goodness, suggesting we have potential to reach our full potential.

Studies how we think, learn, remember, and use language, focusing on the mental processes involved.

Recognized biases against certain groups (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic) and promotes diversity and inclusion in psychological research.

Studies the influence of biological factors (e.g., genetics, brain activity) on behavior.

Testing multiple solutions until one works, like trying different keys on a lock.

A step-by-step approach that guarantees a solution if followed correctly, like a recipe.

General strategies used to solve problems, not always guaranteeing success, but making the process more efficient.

Staying stuck with familiar solutions, even if there are better alternatives.

Only seeing the intended purpose of an object, limiting creative solutions.

Giving too much weight to the first piece of information received, influencing subsequent judgments.

Seeing past events as predictable, even though they were unknown beforehand.

Stereotyping based on known examples, failing to consider individual differences.

Seeking information that confirms existing beliefs, ignoring contradictory evidence.

Judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind, not necessarily accuracy.

Using scientific methods to examine behavior, testing beliefs and separating facts from opinions.

A well-established explanation based on observations, providing a framework for understanding a phenomenon.

A testable prediction about a relationship between variables, used to guide research.

Describes observed behaviors without examining relationships between variables.

An in-depth study of a single individual or a small group, often used to understand unique cases.

Observing behavior in its natural setting, without manipulating any variables.

Collecting data from a large sample of individuals, often using surveys or questionnaires.

Examines relationships between variables, determining if they change together, but not necessarily causing each other.

Tests hypotheses to establish cause-and-effect relationships, manipulating one variable to see its effect on another.

Any factor that can change or vary within a study, being measured or manipulated.

Clearly defining how a variable is measured in a study, ensuring consistent understanding.

Groups in an experiment designed to isolate the effect of the independent variable, one receiving the treatment and the other not.

A research design where neither the participants nor the researchers know who receives the treatment, minimizing bias.

Ensuring that the results are consistent and reproducible, with similar findings across multiple studies.

Determining how accurately a measurement captures the intended concept, proving its validity.