Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Psych' refer to?
What does 'Logos' mean?
Which term refers to observable actions?
What is an 'Empirical Evidence'?
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What does 'Behaviorism' explain?
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What is involved in 'Development'?
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What do we refer to as 'Personality'?
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What is meant by 'Cognitive' processes?
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Who is known as the 'father' of psychology?
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Which psychological approach is associated with conscious experiences?
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What type of variable does the experimenter manipulate?
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Correlations demonstrate causation.
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What does 'Operational Definition' refer to?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Key Terms in Psychology
- Psych: Refers to the mind.
- Logos: Means knowledge or study.
- Behavior: Observable actions that can be directly witnessed.
- Mental Process: Internal, covert functions that cannot be directly observed.
Research and Methodology
- Empirical Evidence: Knowledge collected through direct observation.
- Behaviorism: Focuses on how consequences of actions influence behavior.
- Cognitive Behaviorism: Proposes that thoughts influence behaviors; relevant in treating depression.
Psychology Disciplines
- Development: Study of human growth throughout the lifespan.
- Personality: Examination of traits, motivations, and individual differences.
- Social Psychology: Investigates thoughts and actions in social contexts.
- Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Application of psychological principles in workplace settings.
- Evolutionary Psychology: Explores how evolutionary patterns affect behavior.
Historical Figures and Concepts
- Wilhelm Wundt: Established the first psychology lab in 1879, considered the "father" of psychology.
- Titchener: Introduced Wundt's ideas to the U.S. and termed it Structuralism.
- William James: Developed Functionalism, focusing on how mental processes help adapt to environments.
- Freud: Introduced Psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious motivations driving behavior.
- Rogers and Maslow: Pioneered Humanism, stressing the uniqueness of each individual and the concept of free will.
Psychological Techniques and Therapies
- Psychoanalysis: First form of talk therapy for exploring unconscious conflicts.
- Clinical Psychology: Involves treatment of psychological disorders and mental illnesses.
- Counseling Psychology: Focuses on less severe issues such as adjustment problems.
- Psychiatrists: Medical doctors who often prescribe medications for mental health issues.
Scientific Method in Psychology
- Theories: Explanations integrating principles to predict behaviors or events.
- Hypothesis: Testable predictions derived from theories.
- Operational Definition: Detailed procedures used to define concepts for experimentation.
Research Design and Observation
- Naturalistic Observation: Studying subjects in their natural environments.
- Observer Effect: Alterations in behavior due to awareness of being observed.
- Correlations: Systematic relationship between events or variables; does not imply causation.
Experimental Methods
- Experimental Group: Participants exposed to the independent variable.
- Control Group: Participants not receiving the independent variable.
- Random Assignment: Ensures participants have equal chance of being placed in any group.
- Independent Variable: Factor manipulated by experimenters.
- Dependent Variable: Measured outcome that reflects changes due to independent variables.
Biases and Influences
- Observer Bias: Influences on observation based on expectations.
- Experimenter Effects: Changes in subject behavior influenced by experimenter expectations.
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Predictions that cause behaviors leading to their own fulfillment.
Experimental Integrity
- Single Blind: Participants are unaware of group assignment.
- Double Blind: Neither participants nor experimenters know group assignments, reducing bias.
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Description
Explore key terms from Psychology Chapter 1 with these engaging flashcards. Each card provides definitions of fundamental concepts essential for understanding psychological principles. Ideal for students wanting to reinforce their knowledge in psychology.
