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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'Psych' refer to?
What does the term 'Psych' refer to?
What does 'Logos' mean?
What does 'Logos' mean?
Which term refers to observable actions?
Which term refers to observable actions?
What is an 'Empirical Evidence'?
What is an 'Empirical Evidence'?
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What does 'Behaviorism' explain?
What does 'Behaviorism' explain?
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What is involved in 'Development'?
What is involved in 'Development'?
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What do we refer to as 'Personality'?
What do we refer to as 'Personality'?
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What is meant by 'Cognitive' processes?
What is meant by 'Cognitive' processes?
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Who is known as the 'father' of psychology?
Who is known as the 'father' of psychology?
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Which psychological approach is associated with conscious experiences?
Which psychological approach is associated with conscious experiences?
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What type of variable does the experimenter manipulate?
What type of variable does the experimenter manipulate?
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Correlations demonstrate causation.
Correlations demonstrate causation.
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What does 'Operational Definition' refer to?
What does 'Operational Definition' refer to?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Study Notes
Key Terms in Psychology
- Psych: Refers to the mind.
- Logos: Means knowledge or study.
- Behavior: Observable actions that can be directly witnessed.
- Mental Process: Internal, covert functions that cannot be directly observed.
Research and Methodology
- Empirical Evidence: Knowledge collected through direct observation.
- Behaviorism: Focuses on how consequences of actions influence behavior.
- Cognitive Behaviorism: Proposes that thoughts influence behaviors; relevant in treating depression.
Psychology Disciplines
- Development: Study of human growth throughout the lifespan.
- Personality: Examination of traits, motivations, and individual differences.
- Social Psychology: Investigates thoughts and actions in social contexts.
- Industrial/Organizational Psychology: Application of psychological principles in workplace settings.
- Evolutionary Psychology: Explores how evolutionary patterns affect behavior.
Historical Figures and Concepts
- Wilhelm Wundt: Established the first psychology lab in 1879, considered the "father" of psychology.
- Titchener: Introduced Wundt's ideas to the U.S. and termed it Structuralism.
- William James: Developed Functionalism, focusing on how mental processes help adapt to environments.
- Freud: Introduced Psychoanalysis, emphasizing unconscious motivations driving behavior.
- Rogers and Maslow: Pioneered Humanism, stressing the uniqueness of each individual and the concept of free will.
Psychological Techniques and Therapies
- Psychoanalysis: First form of talk therapy for exploring unconscious conflicts.
- Clinical Psychology: Involves treatment of psychological disorders and mental illnesses.
- Counseling Psychology: Focuses on less severe issues such as adjustment problems.
- Psychiatrists: Medical doctors who often prescribe medications for mental health issues.
Scientific Method in Psychology
- Theories: Explanations integrating principles to predict behaviors or events.
- Hypothesis: Testable predictions derived from theories.
- Operational Definition: Detailed procedures used to define concepts for experimentation.
Research Design and Observation
- Naturalistic Observation: Studying subjects in their natural environments.
- Observer Effect: Alterations in behavior due to awareness of being observed.
- Correlations: Systematic relationship between events or variables; does not imply causation.
Experimental Methods
- Experimental Group: Participants exposed to the independent variable.
- Control Group: Participants not receiving the independent variable.
- Random Assignment: Ensures participants have equal chance of being placed in any group.
- Independent Variable: Factor manipulated by experimenters.
- Dependent Variable: Measured outcome that reflects changes due to independent variables.
Biases and Influences
- Observer Bias: Influences on observation based on expectations.
- Experimenter Effects: Changes in subject behavior influenced by experimenter expectations.
- Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: Predictions that cause behaviors leading to their own fulfillment.
Experimental Integrity
- Single Blind: Participants are unaware of group assignment.
- Double Blind: Neither participants nor experimenters know group assignments, reducing bias.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore key terms from Psychology Chapter 1 with these engaging flashcards. Each card provides definitions of fundamental concepts essential for understanding psychological principles. Ideal for students wanting to reinforce their knowledge in psychology.
