Psychology Chapter 11 Flashcards

Method of personality assessment in which the professional asks questions of the client and allows the client to answer, either in a structured or unstructured fashion.

Tendency of an interviewer to allow positive characteristics of a client to influence the assessments of the client's behavior and statements.

Personality assessments that present ambiguous visual stimuli to the client and ask the client to respond with whatever comes to mind.

<p>Projective test that uses 10 inkblots as the ambiguous stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Projective test that uses 20 pictures of people in ambiguous situations as the visual stimuli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Referring to concepts and impressions that are only valid within a particular person's perception and may be influenced by biases, prejudice, and personal experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tendency of a test to give the same score every time it is administered to the same person or group of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of the test to measure what it is intended to measure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessment in which the professional observes the client engaged in ordinary, day-to-day behavior in either a clinical or natural setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessment in which a numerical value is assigned to specific behavior that is listed in the scale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Assessment in which the frequency of a particular behavior is counted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paper and pencil or computerized test that consists of statements that require a specific, standardized response from the person taking the test.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to learn from one's experiences, acquire knowledge, and use resources effectively in adapting to new situations or solving problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to reason and solve problems, or general intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability to excel in certain areas, or specific intelligence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A number representing a measure of intelligence, resulting from the division of one's mental age by one's chronological age and then multiplying that quotient by 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Average age at which children could successfully answer a particular level of questions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The scores from the standardization group; the standards against which all others who take the test will be compared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A type of intelligence measure that assumes that IQ is normally distributed around a mean of 100 with a standard deviation of 15.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condition in which a person's behavioral and cognitive skills exist at an earlier developmental stage than the skills of others who are the same chronological age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 2% of the population falling on the upper end of the normal curve and typically possessing an IQ of 130 or above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The unique and relatively stable ways in which people think, feel, and behave.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Value judgments of a person's moral and ethical behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The enduring characteristics with which a person is born.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A theoretical perspective that focuses on the role of the unconscious mind in personality development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The effect of the environment on behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Focuses on individual experience and the conscious choices that shape personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Concerned with the characteristics of personality rather than the processes that form them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Level of the mind in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other information are kept that are not easily or voluntarily brought into consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conscious, Preconscious, Unconscious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Id, Ego, Superego.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regard for the consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Principle by which the ego functions; satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the personality that acts as a moral center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Part of the superego that produces guilt, depending on how acceptable behavior is.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unconscious distortions of a person's perception of reality that reduce stress and anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which a person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which unacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which a person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to hide true feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which one redirects feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening one.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which a person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which a person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychological defense mechanism in which one channels socially unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disorder where the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a psychosexual stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Five stages of personality development proposed by Freud tied to child's sexual development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First stage occurring in the first year of life; mouth is the erogenous zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second stage occurring from about 1 to 3 years of age; anus is the erogenous zone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Third stage occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age; child discovers sexual feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Situation occurring in the phallic stage where a child develops attractions to the opposite-sex parent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals who expelled feces purposefully as children, leading them to be labeled as 'slobs'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Children who refuse to make a mess and as adults tend to be excessively neat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fourth stage where sexual feelings are repressed during the school years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fifth stage after puberty where sexual feelings focus on others, not parents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral stage, Anal stage, Phallic stage, Latency stage, Genital stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Followers of Freud who developed their own competing psychodynamic theories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jung's name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jung's name for the memories shared by all members of the human species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jung's collective, universal human memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anxiety created when a child is born into a bigger, more powerful world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personalities characterized by maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sets of well-learned responses that have become automatic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theorists who emphasize influences of behavior and personal expectancies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Learning theory includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bandura's explanation of how environment, personal characteristics, and behavior interact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individual's expectance of how effective his or her efforts will be in achieving a goal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tendency for people to assume they have or do not have control over events in their lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person's subjective feeling that a particular behavior will lead to a reinforcing consequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People believe their actions directly affect the outcomes they experience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People believe their lives are controlled by powerful others, luck, or fate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Refers to an individual's preference for a particular reinforcer over all other possible reinforcing consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The striving to fulfill one's innate capacities and capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The image of oneself developed from interactions with significant people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An individual's awareness of their own personal characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One's perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One's perception of whom one should be or would like to be.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Warmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive regard given without conditions or strings attached.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive regard given only when the person behaves according to expectations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A person who is in touch with and trusting of their innermost urges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theories that describe the characteristics that make up human personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visible aspects of personality seen in outward actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>More basic traits that underlie surface traits, forming core personality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dimension of personality where individuals withdraw from excessive stimulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Model describing five basic trait dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Willingness to try new things and be open to experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Care given to organization and thoughtfulness of others; dependability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dimension of personality referring to the need to be with other people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People who are outgoing and sociable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>People who prefer solitude and dislike being the center of attention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emotional style ranging from friendly to unpleasant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degree of emotional instability or stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The assumption that circumstances influence how traits are expressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers