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Questions and Answers
What is the fundamental attribution error?
The tendency to attribute people's actions to their personality traits while ignoring situational factors.
What does the banality of evil suggest?
Ordinary people can commit evil acts not out of hate, but due to conformity and bureaucratic adherence to rules.
What is meant by six degrees of separation?
The idea that all people are connected through a chain of no more than six acquaintances.
What are weighted ties in social networks?
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What constitutes social capital?
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What distinguishes primary groups from secondary groups?
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An __________ is a group to which an individual feels they belong and shares a common identity.
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An __________ is a group from which individuals are excluded.
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What is the effect of conformity as demonstrated by Asch's experiment?
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What was revealed in Milgram's experiment regarding authority and obedience?
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Which factors influence group behavior? (Select all that apply)
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What are social aggregates?
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Study Notes
Fundamental Attribution Error & Banality of Evil
- Explains the tendency to attribute behavior to personality rather than situational factors.
- Illustrated by Adolf Eichmann's role in the Holocaust; he was a bureaucrat following orders, not a hateful monster.
- Introduces the "banality of evil": ordinary people can commit atrocities under specific conditions.
Social Networks & Connections
- Explores the concept of "six degrees of separation," suggesting everyone is connected through six acquaintances.
- Introduces "weighted ties" in social network analysis: strong ties (close relationships) and weak ties (distant connections).
- Strong ties offer emotional support, while weak ties provide access to new opportunities and information.
Social Capital & Social Network Analysis
- Defines social capital as the resources gained through relationships and networks.
- Describes social network analysis as a method for examining social relationships and connections.
Social Groups vs. Social Categories
- Social groups involve regular interaction and shared behavioral expectations (e.g., classmates).
- Social categories are broader classifications based on shared features without regular interaction (e.g., students).
Types of Social Groups
- Primary groups: small, close-knit with strong emotional bonds (family, close friends).
- Secondary groups: larger, more impersonal with weaker ties (classmates, coworkers).
In-groups and Out-groups
- In-groups provide a sense of belonging and identity.
- Out-groups are excluded from the in-group; in-group membership can lead to biases against out-groups.
Reference Groups
- Individuals compare themselves to reference groups (friends, family) influencing their behaviors and attitudes.
Conformity and Obedience
- Asch's conformity experiment showed individuals' susceptibility to group pressure, even contradicting their perceptions.
- Milgram's obedience experiment revealed individuals' willingness to obey authority figures, even causing harm.
Factors Influencing Group Behavior
- Fear of ridicule: desire to avoid embarrassment drives conformity.
- Loyalty: risky behaviors can strengthen group bonds.
- Status: maintaining prestige can lead to risky actions.
- Diffusion of moral responsibility: individuals feel less guilt in a group setting.
Group Types
- Social aggregates: individuals in a location without interaction (e.g., mall crowd).
- Social categories: groups sharing a common characteristic (students).
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Description
This quiz delves into fundamental concepts of social psychology, including the fundamental attribution error and the banality of evil illustrated by historical examples. It also explores social networks, including the significance of strong and weak ties, as well as the concept of social capital in understanding relationships. Test your understanding of these key psychological ideas!
