Psychology Attribution and Attitudes
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of humanistic psychology?

  • Analyzing the role of genetics and biological factors in personality.
  • Understanding the unconscious mind and its influence on behavior.
  • Exploring the potential for human growth and self-actualization. (correct)
  • Studying how people learn and interact with their environment.

    • Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self-efficacy?

  • A sense of optimism about one's capabilities.
  • A belief in one's ability to achieve goals.
  • A tendency to focus on past failures and limitations. (correct)
  • A willingness to take on challenges and persevere.

    • What is the primary purpose of personality inventories?

  • To assess a person's physical and emotional health.
  • To measure a person's intelligence and cognitive abilities.
  • To identify and diagnose mental disorders.
  • To gather information about a person's personality traits. (correct)

    • Which of the following is an example of an extrinsic motivation?

    <p>Receiving a bonus at work for exceeding sales targets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is MOST closely associated with the Rorschach inkblot test?

    <p>Ambiguous stimuli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to prejudice?

    <p>Positive attitudes towards a group of people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to attribution theory, what is one potential explanation for a friend's success?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic that distinguishes prejudice from discrimination?

    <p>Prejudice is a negative attitude, while discrimination is a harmful action. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might people experience cognitive dissonance?

    <p>When they are unable to reconcile conflicting beliefs and behaviors. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of groupthink?

    <p>Poor decision-making and a disregard for dissenting opinions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social facilitation influence an individual's performance?

    <p>It tends to enhance performance on simple or well-practiced tasks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of projective tests in psychodynamic theory?

    <p>To directly observe and quantify unconscious thoughts and feelings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of conformity?

    <p>Following the crowd even though you privately disagree with their behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Attribution theory

    It explains how people determine the causes of their observations.

    Attitude

    A set of beliefs and feelings toward aspects of our environment.

    Cognitive dissonance theory

    Motivates individuals to maintain consistency between attitudes and behaviors.

    Prejudice

    An undeserved negative attitude toward a group of people.

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    Discrimination

    Action taken based on prejudices; acting on an attitude.

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    Social facilitation

    Improved task performance due to the presence of others.

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    Conformity

    The tendency to align with the views or actions of others.

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    Groupthink

    Poor decisions made by groups due to suppressed doubts and false unanimity.

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    Rorschach inkblot test

    A psychological test using ambiguous inkblots to assess personality.

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    Humanistic psychology

    A psychological perspective emphasizing free will and human potential.

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    Self-efficacy

    Belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations.

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    Personality inventories

    Questionnaires designed to gather information about a person's personality.

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    Intrinsic motivations

    Internal rewards like enjoyment or satisfaction from activities.

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    Study Notes

    Attribution Theory

    • Explains how people determine the cause of observed events.
    • For example, if a friend gets a perfect score, you might attribute it to their high skill level.

    Attitudes

    • A set of beliefs and feelings about things.
    • Attitudes can be positive or negative.
    • Attitudes relate to different facets of an environment including people, events, and locations.

    Cognitive Dissonance Theory

    • People strive for consistent attitudes and behaviors.
    • Inconsistencies create mental discomfort (dissonance).

    Prejudice

    • An undeserved negative attitude toward a group.
    • Can arise from uncritical application of negative stereotypes to an entire group.
    • Example: prejudiced view that all New Yorkers are rude.

    Discrimination

    • Acting based on prejudice.
    • Example: refusing to hire someone from a particular group because of prejudice.

    Social Facilitation

    • Performance improvement on tasks due to the presence of others.
    • People may yell louder, run faster, or respond quicker in front of a crowd.

    Conformity

    • Tendency to align with others' views or actions.
    • A significant area of research in social psychology.

    Groupthink

    • A group decision-making problem where members suppress reservations to appear unanimous.
    • Can lead to flawed decisions.

    Projective Tests

    • Used by psychodynamic theorists to explore the unconscious.
    • Involve interpreting ambiguous stimuli (e.g., Rorschach inkblots).

    Humanistic Psychology

    • Emphasizes free will; often considered a "third force" in psychology.
    • Contrasts with deterministic approaches.

    Self-Efficacy

    • Bandura's concept, people's beliefs in their ability to succeed.
    • High self-efficacy = optimism; low self-efficacy = powerlessness.

    Personality Inventories

    • Questionnaires to assess personality characteristics.
    • Gather data about individuals' personalities.

    Instincts

    • Automatic, stimulus-driven behaviors.

    Incentives

    • Stimuli motivating behavior based on learning and desire, not need.

    Extrinsic Motivation

    • External rewards (e.g., grades, salary).

    Intrinsic Motivation

    • Internal rewards (e.g., enjoyment, satisfaction).

    Famous Social Psychology Experiments

    • Study of various famous social psychology experiments.

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    Quiz Team

    Description

    Explore key concepts in psychology including Attribution Theory, attitudes, cognitive dissonance, prejudice, and discrimination. This quiz examines how these ideas impact social behavior and interpersonal interactions. Test your knowledge on how these theories explain our perceptions and actions.

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