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Questions and Answers
What was the primary contribution of George Miller to the field of psychology?
What was the primary contribution of George Miller to the field of psychology?
What was the primary focus of the Center for Cognitive Studies?
What was the primary focus of the Center for Cognitive Studies?
What was the primary emphasis of cognitive psychology in the 1960s?
What was the primary emphasis of cognitive psychology in the 1960s?
What was Ulric Neisser known for in the field of cognitive psychology?
What was Ulric Neisser known for in the field of cognitive psychology?
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What was the primary theme of Ulric Neisser's 1967 book, 'Cognitive Psychology'?
What was the primary theme of Ulric Neisser's 1967 book, 'Cognitive Psychology'?
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What influenced the shift from behaviorism to cognitive psychology in the 1950s and 1960s?
What influenced the shift from behaviorism to cognitive psychology in the 1950s and 1960s?
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What was the primary metaphor for the mind in cognitive psychology?
What was the primary metaphor for the mind in cognitive psychology?
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What was the primary focus of George Miller's work?
What was the primary focus of George Miller's work?
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What was exemplified by the defeat of Garry Kasparov by Deep Blue in 1997?
What was exemplified by the defeat of Garry Kasparov by Deep Blue in 1997?
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What was the primary focus of Gestalt psychology?
What was the primary focus of Gestalt psychology?
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What was the dominant approach in psychology from 1913 to about 1960?
What was the dominant approach in psychology from 1913 to about 1960?
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What revolutionized the understanding of cognition, memory, and problem-solving?
What revolutionized the understanding of cognition, memory, and problem-solving?
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What shaped the development of cognitive psychology?
What shaped the development of cognitive psychology?
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What challenged deterministic views of behavior in cognitive psychology?
What challenged deterministic views of behavior in cognitive psychology?
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What was a limitation of behaviorism that led to the development of cognitive psychology?
What was a limitation of behaviorism that led to the development of cognitive psychology?
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What is a key area of focus in cognitive psychology?
What is a key area of focus in cognitive psychology?
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Study Notes
Chess and Artificial Intelligence
- Computers defeated humans in chess, exemplified by Deep Blue defeating Garry Kasparov in 1997, demonstrating computational prowess and strategic depth of machines.
- This event symbolized the advancement of artificial intelligence in complex decision-making tasks.
Early Psychology Schools
- Structuralism focused on introspection, functionalism on adaptation, and Gestalt on perception.
- Each school contributed foundational theories and methods to early psychology, including structuralism, functionalism, and Gestalt psychology.
Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis
- Behaviorism dominated psychology from 1913 to about 1960, rejecting genetic influences in favor of environmental determinants of behavior.
- Psychoanalysis, founded by Freud, focused on unconscious conflicts shaping behavior.
The Cognitive Movement
- The cognitive movement emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, focusing on mental processes and information processing.
- It rejected behaviorist stimulus-response models, revolutionizing understanding of cognition, memory, and problem-solving.
Antecedent Influences on Cognitive Psychology
- The field built on Gestalt psychology's insights into perception and cognition.
- It integrated computer science's metaphor of mind as information processor and was shaped by advances in neuroscience and artificial intelligence.
The Changing Model of Physics
- The shift from classical to quantum physics influenced cognitive psychology, challenging deterministic views of behavior.
- Quantum principles expanded understanding of uncertainty and probabilistic models in cognition.
The Evolution of Cognitive Psychology
- Cognitive psychology evolved from behaviorism's limitations to study mental processes.
- It integrated interdisciplinary approaches from neuroscience and computer science, focusing on information processing, memory, decision-making, and language.
George Miller and the Magical Number Seven
- George Miller proposed the magical number seven, studying cognitive limitations and information processing.
- His work influenced understanding of memory and attention spans.
The Center for Cognitive Studies
- The Center for Cognitive Studies at Harvard influenced cognitive psychology, exploring limits of human cognitive processing.
- It promoted interdisciplinary research in psychology, neuroscience, and linguistics, facilitating the development of cognitive science as a distinct field.
Ulric Neisser and the Cognitive Revolution
- Ulric Neisser pioneered cognitive psychology's focus on ecological validity, emphasizing real-world applications of cognitive research.
- He critiqued behaviorism and pushed for the cognitive revolution, publishing "Cognitive Psychology" in 1967.
- Neisser defined cognitive psychology as the study of information processing, advocating for a holistic approach integrating perception, memory, and reasoning.
The Shift to Cognitive Psychology
- The shift from behaviorism to cognitive psychology in the 1950s and 1960s was influenced by computer science and artificial intelligence.
- It expanded focus from observable behavior to mental processes, changing the course of psychology.
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Description
This quiz explores the milestones in computer science and psychology, including the defeat of a human chess champion by a computer and the development of various schools of thought in psychology.
