14 Questions
Which of the following types of studies involves the same subjects being used as the control group?
Within-subjects
What is the term for the likelihood of obtaining a particular score in a distribution?
Sampling distribution
Which fallacy involves misrepresenting an opposing argument?
Straw man
What is the term for the reduction of motivation and effort in collective work?
Social loafing
What is the term for the average deviation of means around a population mean?
Standard error
Which of the following is an example of a cognitive bias?
Reification
What is the term for the variable that is intentionally changed by the researcher in an experiment?
Independent Variable
What type of distribution has a symmetrical shape and the mode, median, and mean are equal?
Symmetrical distribution
What is the term for the distance of a score from the mean, squared?
Deviation score
What is the term for the influence of the presence of others on an individual's performance?
Mere presence theory
What is the term for a mistake in reasoning that involves attacking the person rather than addressing the argument?
Ad hominem
What is the term for the middle score in a distribution?
Median
What is the term for the average deviation of scores around the mean?
Standard deviation
What is the term for the influence of an evaluative audience on an individual's performance?
Evaluation apprehension theory
Study Notes
Research Methods
- Independent Variable (IV): manipulated variable in an experiment
- Dependent Variable (DV): measured variable in an experiment
- Extraneous variable: outside influence on DVs
- Fallacies:
- Ad hominem
- Argument from authority
- Argument from ignorance
- Begging the question
- Confirmation bias
- Observational selection
- False dichotomy
- Slippery slope
- Confusion of correlation and causation
- Straw man
- Weasel words
- Pragmatic fallacy
- Vitalistic energy
- Reification
Data Analysis
- Symmetrical distribution: Unimodal, mode, median, and mean are equal
- Positive distribution skew: slanted towards left
- Negative distribution skew: slanted towards right
- Deviation score: Distance of score from mean, squared
- Standard deviation: Average deviation of scores around the mean
- Standard error: Average deviation of means around a population
- Raw score distribution: Raw score x Frequency, likelihood of obtaining a particular score
- Sampling distribution: Sample mean x Frequency, likelihood of obtaining a particular result if null is retained
Social Influence
- Mere presence theory: arousal facilitates the performance of the dominant response
- Distraction-conflict theory: Presence of others influences performance due to cognitive distraction
- Evaluation apprehension theory: Presence of evaluative audience effects performance
- Social loafing: Reduction of motivation and effect in collective compared with individual or coactive work
- Conformity: Adherence or adjustment of thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in consistency with a group
Quiz covering the introductory course of Psychology 1001 at the University of Sydney. Topics include an introduction to psychology and its various aspects.
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