Lecture 4
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Questions and Answers

What philosophical concept is René Descartes known for?

  • Empiricism
  • Dualism (correct)
  • Existentialism
  • Materialism
  • According to Descartes, what can be doubted except for one thing?

  • One's own existence (correct)
  • The laws of nature
  • The physical world
  • The existence of others
  • What was Descartes' view on trusting the senses?

  • He trusted his senses without question
  • He refused to trust his own senses (correct)
  • He thought senses were sometimes reliable
  • He believed in complete sensory perception
  • What did Descartes suppose about the truthfulness of the objects in his mind?

    <p>They had no more truth than dream illusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led Descartes to reject the reasonings he had previously accepted?

    <p>Realizing his proneness to error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which work did Descartes introduce his famous phrase 'Cogito ergo Sum'?

    <p>'Discourse on the Method'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the belief that there is only the body and all reality is of a physical nature?

    <p>Materialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are credited with the discovery of the doctrine of the three-cell theory regarding the brain's ventricles?

    <p>Gall/Spurzheim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept asserts that the 'mind' can be explained and reduced to biology and biochemical activity?

    <p>Materialism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is associated with being the first to establish a psychology lab focused on introspection in 1879?

    <p>Wundt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What ancient manuscript, attributed to Imhotep, is associated with an early understanding of brain anatomy?

    <p>Edwin Smith Papyrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory argues that there is only either a 'mind' or 'body' as opposed to both existing simultaneously?

    <p>'Body' Monism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What philosophical principle does Descartes consider as the first principle of his philosophy?

    <p>I think, therefore I am</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is described as a Modern Day nativist similar to Emmanuel Kant in the text?

    <p>Noam Chomsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lorenz's investigation into imprinting suggest about attachment?

    <p>It is genetically programmed and innate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Descartes, what is necessary for him to be something?

    <p>To think</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Descartes find about the truth 'I think, therefore I am' despite Sceptics' doubts?

    <p>It was impossible to doubt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who conducted investigations into language acquisition and the critical period hypothesis?

    <p>Noam Chomsky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lorenz do to ensure that the goslings imprinted on him?

    <p>Imitated a mother duck's quacking sound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process known as when young birds regard the first moving object they see as their mother?

    <p>Imprinting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lorenz discover about geese following the hatching of the goslings?

    <p>Geese follow the first moving object they see.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Lorenz test whether imprinting had occurred in the goslings?

    <p>Put all the goslings together under an upturned box and allowed them to mix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lorenz, can imprinting be reversed once it has occurred?

    <p>No, imprinting cannot be reversed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Lorenz do to make sure he was the first moving object the goslings encountered after hatching?

    <p>He imitated a mother duck's quacking sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main criticism of the structuralist approach according to William James?

    <p>The lack of consideration for the continuous arrival of new thoughts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist is known for stating 'The whole is other than the sum of its parts'?

    <p>Kurt Koffka</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did William James emphasize as more important than the structure of consciousness?

    <p>Understanding the function and purpose of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Gestalt psychology, how is 'Gestalt' commonly translated?

    <p>Form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychologist conducted insight studies with chimpanzees in Gestalt psychology?

    <p>Wolfgang Köhler</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Perceiving is not just sensations but a creative process of organizing in/by the brain' reflects the emphasis in Gestalt psychology on:

    <p>Dynamic processes and brain organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

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