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Questions and Answers
Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder?
Which of the following traits is NOT typically associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder?
What is one of the common personality disorders that affects about 4% of people?
What is one of the common personality disorders that affects about 4% of people?
Which of these characters could be considered an example of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
Which of these characters could be considered an example of Antisocial Personality Disorder?
What treatment approach might be applied to children with Conduct Disorder?
What treatment approach might be applied to children with Conduct Disorder?
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What term is used to refer to a subset of Antisocial Personality Disorder that is characterized by specific traits like manipulation?
What term is used to refer to a subset of Antisocial Personality Disorder that is characterized by specific traits like manipulation?
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What is a key characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
What is a key characteristic of anorexia nervosa?
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What distinguishes binge-eating disorder from bulimia nervosa?
What distinguishes binge-eating disorder from bulimia nervosa?
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Which statement is true regarding the DSM-5 definition of anorexia nervosa?
Which statement is true regarding the DSM-5 definition of anorexia nervosa?
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What is the frequency requirement for diagnosing bulimia nervosa?
What is the frequency requirement for diagnosing bulimia nervosa?
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What common feature do anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa share?
What common feature do anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa share?
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Which of the following eating disorders is characterized by recurrent binge-eating without compensatory behavior?
Which of the following eating disorders is characterized by recurrent binge-eating without compensatory behavior?
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Which demographic group shows a higher prevalence of eating disorders compared to cisgender individuals?
Which demographic group shows a higher prevalence of eating disorders compared to cisgender individuals?
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Which of the following is not included in the DSM-5 diagnoses of eating disorders?
Which of the following is not included in the DSM-5 diagnoses of eating disorders?
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What distinguishes anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa?
What distinguishes anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa?
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Which of the following is a common feature of binge-eating disorder?
Which of the following is a common feature of binge-eating disorder?
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What does the DSM-5 include as a new diagnosis related to eating disorders?
What does the DSM-5 include as a new diagnosis related to eating disorders?
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Which statement about the prevalence of eating disorders is accurate?
Which statement about the prevalence of eating disorders is accurate?
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Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with bulimia nervosa?
Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with bulimia nervosa?
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What type of emotional response is commonly experienced during binge episodes in binge-eating disorder?
What type of emotional response is commonly experienced during binge episodes in binge-eating disorder?
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How does anorexia nervosa differ in diagnosis according to the DSM-5 compared to previous editions?
How does anorexia nervosa differ in diagnosis according to the DSM-5 compared to previous editions?
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What constitutes 'Other specified feeding or eating disorder' in the context of eating disorders?
What constitutes 'Other specified feeding or eating disorder' in the context of eating disorders?
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Which treatment approach for autism is based on operant conditioning?
Which treatment approach for autism is based on operant conditioning?
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What is a characteristic of Asperger's Disorder?
What is a characteristic of Asperger's Disorder?
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Which medication class is known to potentially reduce repetitive behaviors and aggression in autism?
Which medication class is known to potentially reduce repetitive behaviors and aggression in autism?
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How does Avoidant Personality Disorder differ from Social Anxiety Disorder?
How does Avoidant Personality Disorder differ from Social Anxiety Disorder?
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What is a key characteristic of Dependent Personality Disorder?
What is a key characteristic of Dependent Personality Disorder?
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Which of the following does NOT characterize Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?
Which of the following does NOT characterize Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder?
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Which personality disorder involves an extreme need for reassurance and fear when alone?
Which personality disorder involves an extreme need for reassurance and fear when alone?
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What symptom is commonly associated with Paranoid Personality Disorder?
What symptom is commonly associated with Paranoid Personality Disorder?
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What was one of the primary goals in the treatment of schizophrenia?
What was one of the primary goals in the treatment of schizophrenia?
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What class of medication was first introduced in the 1950s for treating schizophrenia?
What class of medication was first introduced in the 1950s for treating schizophrenia?
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Which of the following is associated with the side effects of phenothiazines?
Which of the following is associated with the side effects of phenothiazines?
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Which treatment approach is suggested for addressing neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?
Which treatment approach is suggested for addressing neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia?
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In addition to antipsychotic medications, what therapy has been shown to reduce both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
In addition to antipsychotic medications, what therapy has been shown to reduce both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
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Which intervention aims to improve functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia?
Which intervention aims to improve functional outcomes in individuals with schizophrenia?
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What is a key limitation in the treatment of schizophrenia mentioned in the content?
What is a key limitation in the treatment of schizophrenia mentioned in the content?
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What is one of the primary symptoms of ADHD concerning attention?
What is one of the primary symptoms of ADHD concerning attention?
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Which of the following is a possible treatment to address negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a possible treatment to address negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
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Which statement best reflects the prevalence of ADHD among genders?
Which statement best reflects the prevalence of ADHD among genders?
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What could be a direct consequence of untreated ADHD in childhood?
What could be a direct consequence of untreated ADHD in childhood?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of ADHD?
Which of the following is NOT considered a cause of ADHD?
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What type of medication is commonly prescribed for ADHD?
What type of medication is commonly prescribed for ADHD?
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Which brain area is associated with impaired attention in ADHD?
Which brain area is associated with impaired attention in ADHD?
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What are the proposed subtypes of ADHD according to Behavior Disinhibition Disorder?
What are the proposed subtypes of ADHD according to Behavior Disinhibition Disorder?
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Which statement about ADHD symptoms is accurate regarding their persistence?
Which statement about ADHD symptoms is accurate regarding their persistence?
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Study Notes
Psychological Problems & Culture
- Culture affects how we view psychological problems, as seen in examples like Otaku.
- Some view otaku as problematic, others do not.
- Culture-bound disorders include Hikikomori (Japan), Dhat syndrome (South Asia), eating disorders (Western), Koro (Southern China), Ataque de nervios (Puerto Rico), Amok (Malaysia & SE Asia), Hysteria (mid-1800's Europe), Frigophobia (China), Susto (Latin America), and Voodoo death (Africa), and Latah (SE Asia, Siberia), Malgri (Australia).
- Universal psychological problems include depression, social anxiety, schizophrenia, and suicide.
Treatments of Schizophrenia
- Past treatments included lobotomies, insulin coma therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and warehousing in hospitals.
- Current treatments focus on reducing positive symptoms (psychotic symptoms) through antipsychotic medications.
- Early medications were phenothiazines (e.g., chlorpromazine, Thorazine), followed by second-generation antipsychotics.
- Cognitive-behavioral therapy also helps reduce positive and negative symptoms.
- Negative symptoms, neurocognitive deficits and other lingering problems can make it difficult to return to community functioning.
Schizophrenia: Understanding
- Understanding schizophrenia involves considering whether acute vs. chronic matters, and if acute psychosis is a "spiritual emergency" requiring "new self-construction.”
- Schizophrenia has short-term positive effects with brain-altering medications but potential long-term negative effects.
- Biological clues to schizophrenia include genetics, abnormalities in brain structures (enlarged ventricles, smaller prefrontal cortex), neurotransmitter imbalances (dopamine), birth complications, and exposure to viruses.
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: ADHD
- ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (behavior disinhibition).
- Three subtypes: combined, predominantly inattentive, and predominantly hyperactive-impulsive.
- Associated factors include academic challenges, learning disabilities, communication problems, health problems, sleep issues, and potential for conduct disorders or substance abuse.
- Possible causes include genetics, neurological immaturity, prenatal and birth complications, environmental toxins, stress, and family disruptions.
- Treatments include stimulants (e.g., Ritalin, Adderall, Dexedrine).
Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments in social interaction, communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests.
- Early diagnosis is often critical for therapies such as Lovaas's operant conditioning approach.
- Intellectual ability and autism often correlate and 50% may never develop useful speech.
- Potential indicators include intellectual disability, lack of speech development before age 6, and various levels of functioning.
- No correlation exists between vaccination and autism.
Personality Disorders (Dramatic, Erratic, Emotional)
- Histrionic personality disorder involves excessive emotionality.
- Narcissistic personality disorder involves grandiose feelings of self-importance and superiority.
- Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by disregard for social rules and norms and little or no remorse.
- Borderline personality disorder is associated with instability of mood, identity, and relationships, fear of abandonment, impulsivity, suicidal gestures, self-harm, anger control issues, and splitting.
Eating Disorders
- Eating disorders, such as anorexia and bulimia, are often characterized by a preoccupation with body shape and weight, and a refusal to maintain a healthy body weight.
- These disorders can be associated with intense fear of gaining weight and misperception of body shape.
- Cultural factors, like media's portrayal of ideal body types, may influence eating disorders.
- Associated biological factors include genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, and brain function.
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Description
Explore how culture shapes our understanding of psychological disorders through various examples, including Otaku culture and culture-bound syndromes. This quiz covers both specific disorders linked to cultures around the world and universal psychological issues like depression and schizophrenia.
