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Psychological Disorders Overview
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Psychological Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What defines a psychological disorder?

  • A temporary emotional reaction to a stressful situation.
  • A state of mental well-being with occasional sadness.
  • A diagnosed condition with a clear biological origin.
  • A pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms causing significant personal distress. (correct)

    • What does DSM-5 stand for?

  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental issues, Fourth Edition.
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychotherapy Standards.
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. (correct)
  • Diagnostic and Statistical Model of Psychological Disorders.

    • Which of the following is a consequence of a psychological disorder?

  • Increased resilience to stress.
  • Improved social interactions and personal relationships.
  • Impairment in functioning in important life areas. (correct)
  • Enhanced coping mechanisms.

    • Which of the following describes the purpose of the DSM-5?

    <p>To describe symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for mental disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of mental disorders as defined in the content?

    <p>They often lead to personal distress and impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by deficits in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors?

    <p>Autism Spectrum Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of Substance Use Disorder?

    <p>Impairs control and disrupts functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder involves excessive worry or distress disproportionate to physical symptoms?

    <p>Somatic Symptom Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorder is kleptomania classified as?

    <p>Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of disorder involves problems with self-control of emotions and behaviors?

    <p>Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct Disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anxiety primarily characterized by?

    <p>Unpleasant emotional state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes anxiety disorders?

    <p>Psychological disorders with extreme anxiety as a key feature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hallmark of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)?

    <p>Excessive and persistent anxiety symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT a feature of anxiety as described in the content?

    <p>Feelings of relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about GAD?

    <p>It is characterized by anxiety that is free-floating and persistent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do anxiety disorders impact an individual?

    <p>They lead to significant disruptions in various aspects of functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

    <p>Recurring, intrusive memories of a traumatic event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a common behavior associated with PTSD?

    <p>Avoidance of people and places related to the event</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does PTSD have on a person's emotional state?

    <p>Negative changes in thoughts and emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms indicates a heightened physical state in someone with PTSD?

    <p>Heightened physical arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event would most likely trigger PTSD?

    <p>Witnessing a natural disaster</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as a sudden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity?

    <p>Panic Attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes Panic Disorder?

    <p>Frequent and unexpected panic attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an anxiety disorder that involves fear of being in public situations?

    <p>Agoraphobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option does NOT describe a panic attack?

    <p>Chronic, ongoing anxiety symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom experienced during a panic attack?

    <p>Rapid heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves the fear of experiencing symptoms in a situation where help is unavailable?

    <p>Agoraphobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Panic Disorder from a single panic attack?

    <p>Panic Disorder includes recurrent and unexpected panic attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Experiencing extreme fear when in public situations is primarily a symptom of which disorder?

    <p>Agoraphobia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phobia?

    <p>A persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do cultural practices influence the experience of certain psychological disorders?

    <p>They can create specific emotional responses in individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological response might be increased as a result of specific cultural situations?

    <p>Increased nervousness and physiological arousal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which cultural context is a specific disorder related to emotional responses associated with funerals noted?

    <p>Spanish cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following would NOT typically define a phobia?

    <p>It only affects children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a common feature of phobias?

    <p>They provoke anxiety that is out of proportion to the actual danger.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of culture might affect the symptoms of psychological disorders?

    <p>Emotional responses associated with cultural practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically NOT a characteristic of phobias?

    <p>Fear that is rational and reasonable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common response individuals with phobias might experience?

    <p>Intense panic or avoidance behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a specific phobia?

    <p>An excessive and irrational fear of a specific object or situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder involves an extreme fear of being judged in social situations?

    <p>Social Anxiety Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of specific phobia, what does 'actively avoided' imply?

    <p>The individual tries to stay away from the feared object or situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional response is commonly associated with specific phobia?

    <p>Marked anxiety or disgust.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social anxiety disorder typically affect a person's life?

    <p>Can lead to avoidance of social situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way people with specific phobia respond to their fear?

    <p>They attempt to avoid the object or situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of social anxiety disorder?

    <p>Irrational fear of social embarrassment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of image description suggests a phobic reaction?

    <p>Shuddering in disgust at the sight of a feared object.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is least likely to be associated with specific phobias?

    <p>The ability to rationalize the fear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What often complicates the lives of individuals with social anxiety disorder?

    <p>Fears about being judged and scrutinized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Psychological Disorders Definition

    • A pattern of behavior and psychological symptoms causing significant personal distress and impacting daily functioning.

    DSM-5

    • The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition published by the American Psychiatric Association.
    • Provides detailed descriptions and diagnostic criteria for various psychological disorders.

    Diagnostic Categories in DSM-5

    • Neurodevelopmental Disorders:

      • Include developmental, behavioral, learning, and communication disorders diagnosed during infancy, childhood, or adolescence.
      • Symptom severity varies based on age and developmental stage.
      • Examples:
        • Autism Spectrum Disorder: Characterized by social communication difficulties, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors.
        • Tourette's Disorder: Onset before age 18, marked by involuntary movements (motor tics) and vocalizations (vocal tics).

    • Substance-related and addictive disorders:

      • Defined by a pattern of substance use or behavior causing significant problems despite negative consequences.
      • Examples:
        • Substance Use Disorder: Recurrent substance use leading to loss of control, impaired functioning, cravings, tolerance, and withdrawal symptoms.
        • Gambling Disorder: Persistent gambling despite negative impacts on personal, familial, and professional life.

    • Somatic symptom and related disorders:

      • Characterized by persistent physical complaints accompanied by excessive worry and abnormal reactions to these symptoms.
      • Examples:
        • Somatic Symptom Disorder: Excessive worry and distress disproportionate to the severity of physical symptoms.
        • Illness Anxiety Disorder: Preoccupation with health and fears of illness despite the absence of serious physical symptoms.

    • Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders:

      • Diverse group of disorders involving problems in self-control and behaviors that harm others or violate their rights.
      • Examples:
        • Kleptomania: Irresistible urge to steal items that aren't needed for personal use, driven by a desire for pleasure, relief of tension, or excitement.
        • Pyromania: Deliberately setting fires for gratification, pleasure, or relief of tension.

    Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders

    • Anxiety: An unpleasant emotional state involving physical arousal, feelings of tension, apprehension, and worry.
    • Anxiety Disorders: A category of psychological disorders where extreme anxiety is the primary feature causing significant disruptions in cognition, behavior, and interpersonal functioning.
    • Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD): Exhibits excessive, persistent, and global anxiety, also known as free-floating anxiety.

    Panic Attack

    • A sudden episode of intense and rapidly escalating anxiety.

    Panic Disorder

    • Characterized by frequent and unexpected panic attacks.

    Agoraphobia

    • Anxiety disorder involving an extreme fear of experiencing incapacitating symptoms in public situations where escape is impossible and help is unavailable.

    Phobia

    • A persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

    Cultural Context

    • Spanish cultures show a unique disorder linked to emotional responses associated with funerals, nervousness, and cultural practices.

    Physiological Response

    • The text suggests a possible increase in physiological response triggered by specific situations in certain cultures.

    Specific Phobia

    • Involves an excessive, intense, and irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity, leading to avoidance or enduring the feared object with marked anxiety.

    Social Anxiety Disorder

    • An anxiety disorder marked by an extreme and irrational fear of social situations due to anxieties related to embarrassment, judgment, or scrutiny by others.

    Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

    • Triggered by a traumatic event, resulting in:
      • Intrusive memories of the event
      • Avoidance of event-related stimuli and situations
      • Negative changes in thoughts, moods, and emotions
      • Heightened physical arousal.

    Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

    • Characterized by intrusive, repetitive, and unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that individuals feel compelled to perform.

    Obsessions

    • Repeated, intrusive, and uncontrollable irrational thoughts or mental images causing extreme anxiety and distress.

    Compulsions

    • Repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed to prevent or reduce anxiety, distress, or a dreaded event or situation.

    Common Obsessions and Compulsions

    • Obsessions
      • Contamination: Irrational fear of contamination by dirt, germs, or toxic substances, often accompanied by excessive cleaning or washing.
      • Pathological Doubt: Feeling of uncertainty about completing simple tasks, recurring fear of unintentionally harming someone or violating a law. Often associated with checking compulsions.
      • Violent or Sexual Thoughts: Fear of harming another person or engaging in unacceptable behaviors, manifested by intrusive thoughts and impulses.
    • Compulsions
      • Washing: Irresistible urge to wash oneself or clean surroundings.
      • Checking: Repeatedly checking to ensure completion of tasks, often linked to pathological doubt.
      • Counting: Need to engage in specific behaviors or count to a certain number before performing an action.
      • Symmetry and Precision: Obsession with perfect symmetry or exact ordering of objects and actions.

    Disorders Involving Intense Anxiety

    • Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Persistent, chronic and unreasonable worry and anxiety.
    • Panic Disorder: Frequent and unexpected panic attacks without specific triggers.
    • Phobias: Intense anxiety or panic attacks triggered by specific objects or situations, leading to persistent avoidance of feared objects or situations.
    • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Anxiety triggered by intrusive memories of traumatic experiences, leading to recurrent thoughts and avoidance behavior.
    • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Anxiety caused by uncontrollable, repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and urges to perform specific actions (compulsions).

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    Description

    This quiz covers definitions and diagnostic categories of psychological disorders as per the DSM-5. It discusses neurodevelopmental disorders and provides examples like Autism Spectrum Disorder and Tourette's Disorder. Test your knowledge on symptoms and diagnostic criteria to better understand these conditions.

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