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Questions and Answers
The data flow from research attempts to describe psychological disorders, determine their ______, and to treat them.
The data flow from research attempts to describe psychological disorders, determine their ______, and to treat them.
causes
A ______ course refers to a disorder that is likely to recover within a few months, often recurring at a later time.
A ______ course refers to a disorder that is likely to recover within a few months, often recurring at a later time.
episodic
The term ______ refers to how many people in the population have a specific disorder.
The term ______ refers to how many people in the population have a specific disorder.
prevalence
The term ______ indicates how many new cases of a disorder occur during a specific period.
The term ______ indicates how many new cases of a disorder occur during a specific period.
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A good prognosis implies that an individual will probably ______.
A good prognosis implies that an individual will probably ______.
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An acute onset of a disorder means that symptoms begin ______.
An acute onset of a disorder means that symptoms begin ______.
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An insidious course of a disorder develops ______ over an extended period.
An insidious course of a disorder develops ______ over an extended period.
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The ______ problem refers to the specific issues a patient presents when seeking help.
The ______ problem refers to the specific issues a patient presents when seeking help.
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Insulin was occasionally given to stimulate ______ in psychotic patients who were not eating.
Insulin was occasionally given to stimulate ______ in psychotic patients who were not eating.
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Asylums were more like ______ than hospitals.
Asylums were more like ______ than hospitals.
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Moral therapy made asylums ______ and even therapeutic.
Moral therapy made asylums ______ and even therapeutic.
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Asylum reform led to the decline of ______ therapy.
Asylum reform led to the decline of ______ therapy.
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A mild electric shock could produce a brief ______ and memory loss.
A mild electric shock could produce a brief ______ and memory loss.
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After the Civil War, patient loads in hospitals increased to ______ or 2,000.
After the Civil War, patient loads in hospitals increased to ______ or 2,000.
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Plato identified the causes of maladaptive behavior as social and cultural influences, and learning in that ______.
Plato identified the causes of maladaptive behavior as social and cultural influences, and learning in that ______.
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Dix made it her life's work to inform the American public about the deplorable conditions imposed on patients with __________.
Dix made it her life's work to inform the American public about the deplorable conditions imposed on patients with __________.
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Dorothea Dix campaigned for reform in the treatment of ______.
Dorothea Dix campaigned for reform in the treatment of ______.
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The work of Dix became known as the mental hygiene __________.
The work of Dix became known as the mental hygiene __________.
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Breuer observed that patients often became extremely __________ as they talked during hypnosis.
Breuer observed that patients often became extremely __________ as they talked during hypnosis.
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The unforeseen consequence of Dix's efforts was a substantial increase in the number of mental __________.
The unforeseen consequence of Dix's efforts was a substantial increase in the number of mental __________.
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The id is considered the source of our strong sexual and aggressive feelings, or __________.
The id is considered the source of our strong sexual and aggressive feelings, or __________.
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The libido is the energy or drive within the __________.
The libido is the energy or drive within the __________.
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Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the role of the __________ mind in shaping behavior.
Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes the role of the __________ mind in shaping behavior.
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In psychoanalytic theory, the __________ instinct is also known as thanatos.
In psychoanalytic theory, the __________ instinct is also known as thanatos.
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The four personality types include Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and ______.
The four personality types include Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and ______.
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John P. Grey was a champion of the biological tradition in the United States and advocated that insanity is always due to ______ causes.
John P. Grey was a champion of the biological tradition in the United States and advocated that insanity is always due to ______ causes.
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According to Grey, treatment for mental illness should include rest, diet, and proper ______ temperature and ventilation.
According to Grey, treatment for mental illness should include rest, diet, and proper ______ temperature and ventilation.
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Grey invented the rotary fan to improve ______ in his large hospital.
Grey invented the rotary fan to improve ______ in his large hospital.
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Aristotle emphasized the influence of social ______ and early learning on later psychopathology.
Aristotle emphasized the influence of social ______ and early learning on later psychopathology.
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Moral therapy focuses on treating patients normally and encouraging ______ interaction.
Moral therapy focuses on treating patients normally and encouraging ______ interaction.
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The individual attention emphasized in treatment plans led to positive consequences for appropriate ______ and behavior.
The individual attention emphasized in treatment plans led to positive consequences for appropriate ______ and behavior.
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Insulin shock therapy and brain ______ were significant developments in biological treatments during the 1930s.
Insulin shock therapy and brain ______ were significant developments in biological treatments during the 1930s.
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Refusing to acknowledge the unpleasant reality of life is known as ______.
Refusing to acknowledge the unpleasant reality of life is known as ______.
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The first stage of psychosexual development, where the focus is on the need for food, is called the ______ stage.
The first stage of psychosexual development, where the focus is on the need for food, is called the ______ stage.
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If a child does not receive appropriate gratification in the oral stage, they may develop a fixation that influences their ______ in adulthood.
If a child does not receive appropriate gratification in the oral stage, they may develop a fixation that influences their ______ in adulthood.
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In the Anal Stage, children learn to control their ______ and bladder.
In the Anal Stage, children learn to control their ______ and bladder.
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Freud's students, including Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, ______ many of Freud's ideas about sexuality.
Freud's students, including Carl Jung and Alfred Adler, ______ many of Freud's ideas about sexuality.
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The notion that wisdom accumulated by society is stored in the deep ______ of individuals is referred to as the collective unconscious.
The notion that wisdom accumulated by society is stored in the deep ______ of individuals is referred to as the collective unconscious.
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The child becomes attached to parents during the ______ stage.
The child becomes attached to parents during the ______ stage.
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In the Phallic Stage, the Oedipus complex involves a boy who is fated to kill his ______ and marry his mother.
In the Phallic Stage, the Oedipus complex involves a boy who is fated to kill his ______ and marry his mother.
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Study Notes
Psychological Disorders and Their Characteristics
- Chronic Course: Long-lasting disorders such as narcissism, dementia, and schizophrenia.
- Episodic Course: Disorders may improve and recur over time, affecting an individual's life sporadically.
- Time-limited Course: Disorders often resolve without treatment in a short span with low recurrence risk.
- Acute Onset: Disorders appear suddenly.
- Insidious Onset: Disorders develop gradually over extended periods.
Epidemiological Terms
- Prevalence: Proportion of a population with a specific disorder.
- Incidence: Frequency of new cases occurring within a year.
- Sex Ratio: Distribution of disorders between males and females, along with typical age of onset.
Prognosis Indicators
- Good Prognosis: Implies a high likelihood of recovery.
- Guarded Prognosis: Indicates an uncertain or poor outcome.
Historical Perspectives on Mental Illness
- Theory of Personality Types: Four traditional types impacting behavior: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic.
- John P. Grey: Promoted the biological basis of mental illness and advocated for humane treatment focusing on physical causes.
Biological Treatments Development
- Insulin Shock Therapy: Used to stimulate appetite and calm psychotic patients, but was dangerous and eventually discontinued.
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Introduced as a treatment for depression, producing convulsions to alleviate symptoms.
- Asylum Reform: Movement towards moral therapy improved hospital conditions but also led to increased homelessness among mentally ill populations.
Moral Therapy
- Emotional Treatment: Focused on normalizing patient interactions, encouraging socialization, and providing individual attention.
The Structure of the Mind: Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
- Id: Source of primal drives, including sexual and aggressive energies; operates on the pleasure principle.
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Defense Mechanisms:
- Denial: Refusal to acknowledge reality.
- Rationalization: Justifying unacceptable feelings to mask true motivations.
Psychosexual Development Stages
- Oral Stage: Infancy focus on food and sucking; fixation leads to adult behaviors like thumb-sucking or chewing.
- Anal Stage: Bowel and bladder control; influences personality based on coping with parental expectations.
- Phallic Stage: Involves the Oedipus complex, shaping future relationships and identity.
Contributions from Freud's Students
- Carl Jung: Introduced the concept of the collective unconscious, reflecting shared cultural wisdom beyond personal experiences.
- Alfred Adler: Critiqued Freud’s emphasis on sexuality, highlighting social influences and individual drive for superiority.
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Description
This quiz explores the classification and treatment of psychological disorders, including their chronic and episodic courses. Engage with detailed information about specific disorders such as narcissism, dementia, and schizophrenia. Test your understanding of the causes and treatment strategies for these conditions.
