Psychological Disorders Treatment Approaches
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Questions and Answers

What motivated Simone Biles to step away from competition during the Tokyo Olympics?

  • To make room for other gymnasts
  • To focus on her mental health (correct)
  • Sponsorship disagreements
  • Injury concerns

    • Which professionals primarily practice psychotherapy?

  • Pharmacists and paramedics
  • Psychiatrists and medical doctors
  • Only licensed medical professionals
  • Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers (correct)

    • What is one requirement for a psychiatrist in the United States?

  • They must complete four additional years as a psychiatric resident (correct)
  • They need a PhD in clinical psychology
  • They must be licensed in at least three states
  • They must complete a graduate degree in psychology

    • What distinguishes biological therapies from psychotherapy?

    <p>Biological therapies alter bodily functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rights do psychologists have regarding drug prescription in the United States?

    <p>Only certain states grant psychologists the right to prescribe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has research concluded about the effectiveness of psychotherapy?

    <p>Meta-analyses conclude that psychotherapy works</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best defines clinical psychology?

    <p>An integration of science and theory to treat psychological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychotherapy may be administered in conjunction with which of the following?

    <p>Biological therapies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does matching the ethnicity of the individual with that of the therapist have on therapy outcomes?

    <p>It is associated with better treatment outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of embracing a multicultural sensibility in therapy?

    <p>To reduce trauma and enhance resilience.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cultural humility entail in the context of therapy?

    <p>Maintaining a respectful attitude towards other cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How might psychotherapy benefit individuals dealing with physical health issues like cancer?

    <p>By helping them cope with the stress associated with the illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is well-being therapy (WBT) primarily focused on?

    <p>Encouraging individuals to savor small moments of happiness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding psychological wellness and physical health?

    <p>Improving psychological wellness may lead to better physical health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of cross-cultural competence for therapists?

    <p>Feeling skilled in managing cultural issues in therapy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is therapy important in managing personal challenges according to the information?

    <p>It provides a means for individuals to seek help when needed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is considered the most important determinant of therapeutic success?

    <p>The client’s participation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does empirical support for a treatment imply?

    <p>Treatment decisions should be rooted in empirical research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of therapy emphasizes the role of the unconscious mind?

    <p>Psychodynamic therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In client-centered therapy, what is the primary goal of the therapist?

    <p>To provide unconditional positive regard</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy approach focuses primarily on skill development and immediate symptoms?

    <p>Behavior therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does transference refer to in psychotherapy?

    <p>The client's feelings towards the therapist that reflect past relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is systematic desensitization primarily used to treat?

    <p>Phobias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the therapeutic alliance?

    <p>Mutual trust, respect, and cooperation between therapist and client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In contemporary psychodynamic therapies, what is emphasized compared to traditional psychoanalysis?

    <p>Greater emphasis on the conscious mind and current relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does evidence-based practice integrate in decision-making?

    <p>Research, clinical expertise, client characteristics, and culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique involves encouraging clients to express whatever thoughts come to mind?

    <p>Free association</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of humanistic therapy?

    <p>Achieving self-fulfillment and personal growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of behavior therapies?

    <p>They focus solely on observable behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of a successful therapeutic alliance?

    <p>Therapist's authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of aversive conditioning?

    <p>To decrease undesired behavior through aversive stimuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the basis of applied behavior analysis?

    <p>Establishing positive reinforcement between behaviors and rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy emphasizes the individual's thoughts as sources of psychological problems?

    <p>Cognitive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cognitive restructuring aim to achieve?

    <p>Change erroneous thoughts that cause maladaptive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In cognitive behavior therapy, what is self-efficacy?

    <p>The belief in one's ability to change their situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technique is commonly used in dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)?

    <p>Mindfulness training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern regarding integrative therapy?

    <p>It may lack a systematic approach and mastery by therapists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do antianxiety drugs primarily function?

    <p>They calm the individual and reduce excitability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)?

    <p>They interfere with serotonin reabsorption in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of tricyclic antidepressants?

    <p>They are believed to increase certain neurotransmitters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of MAO inhibitors?

    <p>Interaction with fermented foods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common side effect of benzodiazepines?

    <p>Drowsiness and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is used to manage bipolar disorder?

    <p>Lithium therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antipsychotic drugs primarily aim to improve which of the following?

    <p>Social behavior and sleeping patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of antipsychotic medications for individuals with schizophrenia?

    <p>To treat the symptoms of schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications?

    <p>Metabolic syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)?

    <p>To trigger a seizure in the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible side effect of ECT?

    <p>Memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is psychosurgery primarily aimed at addressing?

    <p>Emotional adjustment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one method used in couples therapy?

    <p>Validation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why were community mental health programs introduced?

    <p>To allow individuals to remain integrated in society</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the process of deinstitutionalization refer to?

    <p>Transferring patients to community-based facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach involves individuals with similar psychological issues working together?

    <p>Group therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of self-help support groups?

    <p>They are voluntary and community-based</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does cultural perspective influence therapy?

    <p>It helps tailor treatment to individual backgrounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important aspect of therapies focused on gender?

    <p>They recognize the impact of bias on mental health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does altruism play in group therapy?

    <p>It enhances the group’s positive dynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a technique used in family therapy?

    <p>Medication compliance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Approaches to Treating Psychological Disorders

    • Clinical psychology integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.
    • Psychotherapy is a non-medical process using various strategies to treat psychological disorders.
    • Biological therapies (biomedical therapies) aim to alter bodily functions to reduce or eliminate psychological disorders.
    • Psychotherapy and biological therapies share the goal of relieving suffering but differ in focus and practitioners.

    The Psychological Approach to Therapy

    • Psychotherapy is practiced by various mental health professionals (clinical psychologists, counselors, social workers).
    • State licensing and credentialing regulate these professionals.
    • Clinical psychology PhD graduates work under supervision and complete clinical internships.
    • Psychotherapy can be combined with medication.

    The Biological Approach to Therapy

    • Biological therapies require medical doctor training (MD).
    • Psychiatrists are medical doctors specializing in treating psychological disorders.
    • Psychiatrists complete additional 4 years of psychiatric residency after medical school.
    • Psychologists in some states (Idaho, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, New Mexico) can prescribe medication.
    • Prescribing rights for psychologists are a subject of debate.

    Psychotherapy

    Central Issues in Psychotherapy

    • Psychotherapy is effective
      • Research shows improvement following 12-14 sessions versus placebo or no treatment.
    • No single therapy is demonstrably better than others.
      • Best therapy depends on diagnosis.
      • Empirically supported treatment is crucial.
      • Evidence-based practice integrates research, expertise, and client preferences.
    • Factors in effective psychotherapy:
      • Therapeutic Alliance: Trust, respect, cooperation crucial.
      • Therapist: Expertise, style-client match important.
      • Client: Active participation, strengths are key.

    How Psychotherapies Differ

    • Insight versus symptom/skill focus
    • Directive versus non-directive approaches

    Psychodynamic Therapies

    • Emphasize unconscious mind, interpretation, and early childhood experiences.
    • Goal is to gain insight into unconscious conflicts.
      • Psychoanalysis (Freud):
        • Free association, dream analysis, transference.
      • Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapies:
        • Shift from solely sexual conflicts; focus on current relationships and self-awareness.

    Humanistic Therapies

    • Focus on self-understanding, growth, conscious thoughts, and self-fulfillment.
    • Client-centered therapy (Rogers):
      • Warm, supportive atmosphere for self-growth.
      • Goal is congruence (actual self close to ideal self).
      • Reflective speech, unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness.

    Behavior Therapies

    • Focus on learning to reduce/eliminate maladaptive behavior.
    • Focus on overt behavior, not underlying thoughts/emotions.
      • Classical Conditioning Techniques:
        • Systematic desensitization: Relaxation paired with anxiety-producing situations.
        • Aversive conditioning: Pairing undesirable behavior with aversive stimuli.
      • Operant Conditioning Techniques:
        • Applied behavior analysis: Modifying consequences for adaptive behavior.

    Cognitive Therapies

    • Emphasize thoughts as the source of psychological problems.
    • Goal: Replace maladaptive thoughts with healthy ones.
      • Cognitive restructuring: Changing maladaptive thought patterns.
      • Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT): Combining cognitive and behavior therapy.
        • Self-instruction methods: Using reinforcing statements to cope with stress.
        • Self-efficacy: Mastering situations through adaptive behavior.

    Therapy Integrations

    • Integrative therapy combines techniques from various therapies.
    • Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is effective for borderline personality disorder.
    • Psychotherapy and medication are often combined.

    Biological Therapies

    • Treatments that alter bodily functions to reduce/eliminate psychological disorders.

    Drug Therapy

    • Antianxiety drugs (tranquilizers):
      • Benzodiazepines (Xanax, Valium, Librium) are fast-acting but carry potential risks like addiction.
      • Beta-blockers are safer alternatives.
    • Antidepressant drugs:
      • Different classes (tricyclics, tetracyclics, MAO inhibitors, SSRIs) target neurotransmitters.
      • SSRIs are often the first choice due to fewer side effects.
    • Bipolar disorder medication: Lithium.
    • Antipsychotic drugs: Reduce agitation, hallucinations.
      • Potential side effects: Tardive dyskinesia, metabolic syndrome.

    Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

    • ECT: Treats severe depression.
      • Causes brain seizures.
      • Side effects include memory loss.
    • TMS: Alternative to ECT.
      • Uses magnets to affect the brain.
      • FDA-approved for treatment-resistant depression.

    Psychosurgery

    • Removes or destroys brain tissue to improve adjustment.
    • Prefrontal lobotomies are no longer performed.

    Sociocultural Approaches and Issues in Treatment

    Group Therapy

    • Shared experiences and social support benefit individuals with shared psychological problems.

    Family and Couples Therapy

    • Family and couples therapy focus on relationships’ problems.

    Self-Help Support Groups

    • Voluntary groups discussing common issues.
    • Offer social support and resources.

    Community Mental Health

    • Community mental health focuses on supporting individuals within their communities.
    • Deinstitutionalization has resulted in homelessness in affected communities.
    • Empowerment helps individuals manage their lives.

    Cultural Perspectives

    • Cultural factors are crucial in psychotherapy.
    • Therapists should develop cross-cultural competence and cultural humility.
    • Multicultural perspective promotes diverse needs and social justice.
    • Therapy goals that involve more connectedness are important.
    • Therapist-client matching is important on ethnic similarities.

    Therapies and Health and Wellness

    • Psychotherapy can address health concerns beyond mental illness.
    • Psychotherapy can prevent mental and physical health issues.
    • Well-being therapy (WBT) focuses on savoring positive experiences.
    • Psychological wellness is important for resilience.

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    Description

    This quiz explores various approaches to treating psychological disorders, including psychotherapy and biological therapies. Delve into the different methodologies, the roles of mental health professionals, and the integration of medication in therapy. Test your understanding of clinical psychology and its practical applications.

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