Psychological Assessment and Diagnosis Fundamentals Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors can affect mental health by altering neurotransmitter levels?

Genetic variations (correct)

Social factors

Developmental factors

Behavioural factors

Which of the following is an example of a behavioural factor that can contribute to mental health problems?

Insecure attachment styles

Lack of social support

Substance abuse (correct)

Exposure to violence

Which of the following is a developmental factor that can increase the risk of developing a mental health disorder later in life?

Hormonal imbalances

Cognitive biases

Attachment issues (correct)

Cultural factors

Which of the following is an emotional and cognitive factor that can make an individual more prone to anxiety and depression?

High neuroticism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a biological factor that can contribute to the development of mental disorders?

Genetics Signup and view all the answers

What is the principal of equifinality in the context of mental disorders?

There are multiple paths to a given outcome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an emotional and cognitive influence on the development of mental disorders?

Implicit memory Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between initiating factors and maintaining factors in the development of mental disorders?

Initiating factors explain why the problem persists, while maintaining factors explain what caused the problem Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of a behavioral assessment?

To observe target behaviors and determine factors influencing them Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between reliability and validity in assessment?

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measurement, while validity refers to the degree to which a technique measures what it is designed to measure Signup and view all the answers

What are the ABCs of observation in a behavioral assessment?

Antecedents, behaviors, consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a mental status exam?

To assess intellectual functioning and mood Signup and view all the answers

Which edition of the DSM was heavily criticized for its poor reliability and loosely described categories based on psychoanalytic theory?

DSM-2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the idiographic and nomothetic strategies for diagnosing psychological disorders?

Idiographic focuses on unique individual characteristics, while nomothetic focuses on specific disorder identification Signup and view all the answers

What is the prototypical approach to diagnosing psychological disorders?

Combines classical and dimensional views Signup and view all the answers

What is the aim of the DSM-5?

To create changes that are supported by empirical evidence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of Social Anxiety Disorder?

Experiencing fear and avoidance of situations involving possible scrutiny by others Signup and view all the answers

What is the BEST treatment for Specific Phobia?

Exposure therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of Separation Anxiety Disorder in children?

4.1% Signup and view all the answers

What is the most efficacious treatment for Selective Mutism?

CBT Signup and view all the answers

What is the lifetime prevalence of panic disorder?

4.7% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of panic attacks?

Fear of spiders Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of specific phobias?

12.5% (life) Signup and view all the answers

What is the cognitive avoidance model of worry?

Worry prevents effective problem-solving and emotional processing of stressful stimuli. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between anxiety and fear?

Anxiety is about the future, while fear is immediate and present-oriented Signup and view all the answers

What are the key diagnostic criteria for Generalised Anxiety Disorder according to DSM-5?

Excessive anxiety and worry about multiple things occurring more days than not for at least 6 months Signup and view all the answers

What is a panic attack?

An abrupt experience of intense fear where there is no real danger Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factors Affecting Mental Health

Genetics, head injuries, and neurotransmitter imbalance can affect mental health by altering neurotransmitter levels
Behavioural factors such as lack of exercise, poor diet, and sleep deprivation can contribute to mental health problems
Developmental factors such as childhood trauma, abuse, and neglect can increase the risk of developing mental health disorders later in life
Emotional and cognitive factors such as low self-esteem, negative thought patterns, and poor coping mechanisms can make an individual more prone to anxiety and depression

Mental Disorders

Biological factors such as genetic predisposition, brain chemistry, and hormonal imbalance can contribute to the development of mental disorders
The principal of equifinality states that different factors can lead to the same mental health outcome
Emotional and cognitive influences such as learned helplessness, cognitive distortions, and poor emotional regulation can contribute to the development of mental disorders

Assessment and Diagnosis

The goal of a behavioral assessment is to identify and understand an individual's behavior and its underlying causes
Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, while validity refers to the accuracy of a measure
The ABCs of observation in a behavioral assessment involve noting the Antecedent (events before the behavior), Behavior (the actual behavior), and Consequence (events after the behavior)
The purpose of a mental status exam is to evaluate an individual's cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning

DSM-5 and Diagnosis

The DSM-III was heavily criticized for its poor reliability and loosely described categories based on psychoanalytic theory
The idiographic approach to diagnosis focuses on the unique aspects of an individual's symptoms, while the nomothetic approach focuses on grouping individuals into categories based on shared symptoms
The prototypical approach to diagnosis involves identifying the prototypical characteristics of a disorder
The aim of the DSM-5 is to provide a standardized system for diagnosing and classifying mental health disorders

Specific Disorders

Social Anxiety Disorder involves fear of social or performance situations
The BEST treatment for Specific Phobia is exposure therapy
Separation Anxiety Disorder affects 4-5% of children
The most efficacious treatment for Selective Mutism is behavioral therapy
The lifetime prevalence of panic disorder is 4.7%
Symptoms of panic attacks include palpitations, sweating, and trembling
The prevalence of specific phobias is 12.5%
The cognitive avoidance model of worry states that individuals avoid anxiety-provoking thoughts and situations
Anxiety involves excessive concern about the future, while fear involves a response to a perceived threat
The key diagnostic criteria for Generalised Anxiety Disorder according to DSM-5 include excessive anxiety and worry about everyday things.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of psychological assessment and diagnosis. Learn about the systematic evaluation of individuals, the purpose and value of assessment, and the reliability and validity of measurements. Keywords: assessment, diagnosis, reliability, validity, treatment planning.