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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT typically included in a psychiatric functional inquiry?
What key aspect should be assessed for risk evaluation in a psychiatric assessment?
Which symptom is characteristic of psychosis in a psychiatric assessment?
In a past psychiatric history, which of the following details should be included?
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Which of the following would be part of the substance use history in a psychiatric evaluation?
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What condition is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular complications such as heart attacks and strokes?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of pathological anxiety?
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Which neurotransmitters are involved in the physiological manifestations of anxiety disorders?
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What is the classification of anxiety disorders as per DSM-V that includes conditions like Khyâl cap and Ataque de nervous?
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In which anxiety disorder does excessive fear lead to avoidance and may result in disruption of daily functioning?
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What are common comorbid conditions associated with anxiety disorders?
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Which type of anxiety disorder is characterized by disproportionate fear of specific animals or situations?
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What type of anxiety disorder is defined by persistent worry that disrupts daily functioning?
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What is a critical action to take when lithium toxicity is suspected?
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What symptom might indicate lithium toxicity?
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Which lab test is necessary to monitor during the first month of lithium treatment?
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If a patient undergoes rapid cycling, what is an important treatment component?
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What should be done to manage polyuria in a patient on lithium?
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What frequency should lithium levels be monitored after starting or changing the dose?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of lithium toxicity?
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What is a potential severe consequence of lithium toxicity?
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What is the primary purpose of using the MMSE during cognitive assessment?
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Which of the following criteria is NOT part of the DSM V for diagnosing Substance Use Disorder?
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What is the significance of a total score of 30 on the MMSE?
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Which of the following drugs is associated with the highest percentage of abuse among individuals aged 18-22?
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Which component is included in the criterion for withdraw symptoms in Substance Use Disorder?
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Which of the following is a common characteristic of psychomotor activity assessed during a clinical evaluation?
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What contributes to the euphoric properties of most recreational drugs?
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How is the severity of Substance Use Disorder classified according to DSM V criteria?
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Which form of assessment is used to determine problem drinking in relation to alcohol consumption?
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What is a common behavior that indicates impaired control in Substance Use Disorder?
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Which of the following does NOT describe the characteristics of mood?
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In the context of substance use disorders, which factor contributes to their development according to the aetiology section?
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What distinguishes a substance use disorder from simple substance use according to the DSM V?
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Which of the following tools is used to assess drug use in individuals?
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What is the main characteristic that differentiates the disturbance in adjustment disorder from other psychiatric conditions?
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Which psychological therapy is focused on emotional regulation and ensuring safety for patients managing distress?
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What role do atypical antipsychotics like risperidone and olanzapine play in the management of trauma-related disturbances?
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What is a common complication associated with adjustment disorder?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of depersonalization?
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Which pharmacological treatment is considered first-line for managing symptoms related to trauma?
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What is the primary goal of EMDR therapy in the context of trauma treatment?
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What does the specifier 'with delayed expression' indicate in dissociative disorders?
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Study Notes
Assessment of Risk and Behavior
- Poor correlation exists between clinical impression of suicide risk and frequency of attempts.
- Key behaviors include psychomotor activity (agitation vs. retardation) and attention level indicated by eye contact.
- Abnormal movements such as tremors or tardive dyskinesia are important to observe.
Speech and Cognitive Assessment
- Speech characteristics:
- Rate (pressured, slowed)
- Rhythm/fluency, volume, tone, articulation, quantity, spontaneity.
- Cognitive assessment using MMSE should evaluate:
- Orientation (time and place)
- Memory (immediate and delayed recall)
- Attention and concentration
- Language skills (comprehension, writing, repetition, naming)
- Spatial ability through intersecting pentagons.
- MMSE total score is out of 30.
Substance Abuse Epidemiology
- High incidence of mental health issues in substance abusers (47% exhibit mental disorders).
- 29% of individuals with mental health disorders also experience substance use disorders.
- Notable percentages among specific disorders:
- 47% of schizophrenia cases have a substance use disorder.
- 25% of anxiety disorder cases.
Aetiology of Substance Use Disorders
- Drug abuse increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, leading to euphoric properties.
- Substance use disorders arise from a mix of genetic (personality, neurobiology) and environmental factors (low socio-economic status, peer influence, trauma).
DSM V Criteria for Substance Use Disorder
- Diagnosis based on a pathological pattern of behaviors concerning substance use.
- Key criteria include:
- Impaired control: using larger amounts or sustaining use longer than intended.
- Impairment: failing to fulfill obligations due to substance use.
- Social issues: recurrent social, occupational, or recreational problems caused by substance use.
- Risky use: continued consumption despite physical or psychological issues.
Withdrawal and Tolerance
- Tolerance leads to needing increasing doses for the desired effect.
- Withdrawal symptoms arise when substance use decreases after prolonged heavy use.
Changes in DSM V
- Introduction of gambling, cannabis and caffeine withdrawal, and tobacco use disorders.
- Simplification from substance abuse and dependence to substance use disorder.
- Severity specifiers based on the number of criteria met (mild, moderate, severe).
Screening Tools for Substance Use
- AUDIT: Assesses alcohol use dependence.
- DAST: Assess drug use with mild screening.
- Toxicology screens utilized to identify substances and measure blood alcohol concentration.
Psychiatric Functional Inquiry
- Assessment includes mood disorders, anxiety, trauma history, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, psychosis, and risk for self-harm.
- Past psychiatric history should encompass prior diagnoses, treatments, and hospitalization needs.
Anxiety Disorders
- Defined by excessive anxiety that significantly distresses or impairs functioning.
- Pathological anxiety is characterized by fear disproportional to the risk involved.
Manifestations of Anxiety
- Physiological responses linked to neurotransmitter involvement (5-HT, norepinephrine).
- Psychological factors include thought perceptions contributing to anxiety.
- Behavioral manifestations may lead to avoidance, disrupting daily life.
Classification of DSM-V Anxiety Disorders
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and specific phobias (animal, situational, etc.).
- Includes panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and substance-induced anxiety.
Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
- Psychological interventions: trauma therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing).
- Pharmacological options: First-line medications include fluoxetine, sertraline, and venlafaxine; benzodiazepines for acute symptoms.
Complications of Anxiety Disorders
- High risk of comorbid conditions such as substance abuse, depression, and personality disorders.
Adjustment Disorder
- Characterized by emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to identifiable stressors within 3 months of their onset.
- Symptoms lead to significant distress or impairment in functioning without meeting criteria for another mental disorder.
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Description
This quiz explores various aspects of psychiatric health, focusing on mood disorders, anxiety, trauma history, and psychiatric hygiene. Participants will assess understanding and knowledge regarding mental health conditions and medications. It serves as a useful tool for identifying key symptoms and evaluating functional inquiries in mental health.
