PSYCH 111 Chapter 3 Biopsychology Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

This neurotransmitter is important in initiating voluntary muscle movement. What is it?

  • Acetylcholine (correct)
  • Glutamate
  • Dopamine
  • Serotonin

Damage to this area of the brain results in difficulty with speaking words. Which area is it?

  • Angular gyrus
  • Gage's area
  • Wernicke's area
  • Broca's area (correct)

The localization of a function - such as speech production - to the right or left side of the brain is called ___.

lateralization

The 'sensory cortex' is most critical for our sense of _____. What is it?

<p>Touch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The longest part of a neuron carrying messages to a leg muscle is likely to be the _____. What is it?

<p>Axon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

After discovering that the shadows outside his window were only the trees in the yard, Ralph's blood pressure decreased and his heartbeat slowed. These physical reactions were most directly regulated by his _____. What is it?

<p>Parasympathetic nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reuptake refers to the _____. What does it involve?

<p>Reabsorption of excess neurotransmitter molecules by a sending neuron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain is called a(n) _____. What is it?

<p>EEG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A synapse is a(n) _____. What is its definition?

<p>Junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to _____. What is it?

<p>Depression (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in initiating voluntary muscle movement. Responsible for transmitting messages from the nervous system to muscles, enabling muscle contraction.

Broca's Area

A region in the brain's left hemisphere that is associated with language production, particularly the formation of grammatically correct phrases and sentences.

Lateralization

The specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain compared to the other. This means that certain cognitive abilities, like language or spatial reasoning, are localized to one side of the brain.

Sensory Cortex

The part of the cerebral cortex responsible for processing touch sensations. This part of the brain receives sensory information from the skin and interprets it as touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.

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Axon

The extended fiber of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body towards other neurons, muscles, or glands.

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Parasympathetic Nervous System

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that is responsible for slowing down body processes and promoting relaxation. It is the 'rest and digest' system.

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Reuptake

The process by which neurotransmitters are reabsorbed by the sending neuron after they are released into the synapse. This helps regulate the amount of neurotransmitter in the synapse and ensures efficient communication.

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EEG

A recording of the brain's electrical activity, measured by electrodes placed on the scalp. It provides information about the brain's overall electrical activity and can be used to diagnose various neurological conditions.

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Synapse

The microscopic gap between the terminal bouton of a sending neuron and the dendrite of a receiving neuron. This is where communication between neurons occurs through the release and reception of neurotransmitters.

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Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and learning. Low levels of serotonin are associated with depression.

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Study Notes

Neurotransmitters and Functions

  • Acetylcholine plays a crucial role in initiating voluntary muscle movement.
  • Serotonin and dopamine are other significant neurotransmitters but do not primarily initiate muscle movement.

Brain Regions and Language

  • Broca's area is essential for speech production; damage here leads to difficulty in speaking.
  • Wernicke's area is important for language comprehension, whereas angular gyrus is involved in reading and writing.

Brain Function Localization

  • Lateralization refers to the specialization of functions in either the right or left hemisphere of the brain, such as speech.

Sensory Processing

  • The sensory cortex is critically involved in processing touch sensations; it integrates information from various sensory modalities.

Neuron Structure

  • Axons are the longest part of a neuron, responsible for transmitting messages to leg muscles and other distant targets.

Nervous System Responses

  • The parasympathetic nervous system regulates rest and recuperation, decreasing heart rate and blood pressure during calming situations.

Neurotransmitter Dynamics

  • Reuptake is the process through which excess neurotransmitter molecules are reabsorbed by the sending neuron, essential for regulating neurotransmission.

Brain Activity Measurement

  • An EEG (electroencephalogram) provides an amplified recording of electrical activity across the brain's surface, useful for diagnosing various conditions.

Synaptic Connections

  • A synapse is a junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron, facilitating communication through chemical signals.

Mental Health Disorders

  • An undersupply of serotonin is closely linked to depression, highlighting the importance of this neurotransmitter in mood regulation.

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