PSY1BNA Lecture 4: Resting Membrane Potential
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump in a neuron?

  • To maintain the resting membrane potential (correct)
  • To open potassium channels
  • To generate action potential
  • To facilitate synaptic transmission

    • What is the main problem that neurons solve using electrical signals?

  • Conducting information over a long distance (correct)
  • Generating action potential
  • Facilitating synaptic transmission
  • Conducting information over a short distance

    • What determines the distribution of ions inside and outside of a neuron at rest?

  • Electrostatic pressure and diffusion (correct)
  • The action potential and neural integration
  • Neurotransmitter synthesis and synaptic transmission
  • Electrochemical forces and the sodium-potassium pump

    • What is the role of potassium channels in the resting membrane potential?

    <p>To allow the efflux of potassium ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting effect of electrochemical forces on the neural membrane?

    <p>An electrochemical gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary carrier of electrical charge in the cytosol of the axon?

    <p>Electrically charged atoms → ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the fluid inside cytosol and extracellular fluid?

    <p>Water (H₂O)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for ions with a positive charge?

    <p>Cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of membrane proteins in the phospholipid bilayer?

    <p>To assemble into pores and ion channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for molecules that are attracted to water?

    <p>Hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy source utilized by ion pumps to transport ions across the bilayer?

    <p>ATP breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of K⁺ to A⁻ when the microelectrode records no potential difference (Vm=0)?

    <p>1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the inside of the membrane when potassium ions (K⁺) move out of the cell?

    <p>It becomes more negatively charged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equilibrium potential of potassium ions (K⁺) approximately equal to?

    <p>-80mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the net movement of ions across the membrane?

    <p>The difference between the membrane potential and the equilibrium potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a small change in ionic concentrations on the membrane potential?

    <p>A large change in membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability of the membrane to store electrical charge?

    <p>Capacitance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of K⁺ channels?

    <p>They are selectively permeable to K⁺</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for a net movement of ions across the membrane through open channels?

    <p>Both open channels and a concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of diffusion in a solution?

    <p>Particles are distributed evenly throughout the solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the movement of ions from regions of high concentration to low concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the difference in concentration of ions between two regions?

    <p>Concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can induce a net flow of ions in a solution?

    <p>Electric fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ionic driving force for a particular ion?

    <p>Vm - Eion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ion pumps in the neuronal membrane?

    <p>To transport ions across the membrane against their concentration gradient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to the membrane potential if the extracellular K+ concentration increases?

    <p>The membrane potential would become less negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Goldman equation used for?

    <p>To calculate the resting membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the sodium-potassium pump in neuronal signaling?

    <p>To transport Na+ and Ca2+ ions out of the neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a mutation in a specific K+ channel on the neuronal function?

    <p>It can lead to inherited neurological disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the blood-brain barrier in regulating the concentration of K+ ions?

    <p>It helps to regulate the concentration of K+ ions in the extracellular space</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pore-loop in potassium channels?

    <p>It contributes to the selective filter that makes the channel permeable mostly to K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting membrane potential close to?

    <p>The equilibrium potential for K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the differential concentrations of ions inside and outside the neuron and the semipermeable nature of the membrane?

    <p>The resting membrane potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

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