PSY 369: Learning & Memory Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are the main components of the nervous system?

  • Muscle cells
  • Neurons (correct)
  • Blood cells
  • Glial cells (correct)
  • What is the estimated number of neurons in the human brain?

    approximately 100 billion

    What is the role of glial cells?

    support for neurons

    Neurons transmit information through ________ that extend from the soma.

    <p>axons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The soma is also referred to as the nerve terminal.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the strength of a stimulus in neurons?

    <p>The rate of action potentials fired</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resting potential?

    <p>the stable, negative charge when a cell is inactive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The action potential allows sodium (NA+) to flow into the ________.

    <p>neuron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the action potential reaches the terminal buttons?

    <p>neurotransmitters are released into the synapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Announcements

    • Content from "Introduction to Learning & Memory" and "The Biological Basis of Learning & Memory" will be tested in Weekly Quiz 1.
    • Reflection recording for this week has been posted; submit by the end of class.
    • Syllabus Quiz due next Sunday at 11:59 PM; updated syllabus includes office hour information.

    TA Information

    • Joao Lopes: Psychology BS & Biology, Contact: [email protected]
    • Engaged in Men’s Club Soccer, Pre-Dental preparation; owns two dogs.

    Personal Interests of TA

    • Enjoys playing video games like Fortnite, Dead by Daylight, and Disco Elysium.
    • Listens to artists including The Smiths, Radiohead, Clairo, and Arctic Monkeys.
    • Favorite film is ‘Good Will Hunting’ featuring Robin Williams; enjoys reading varied literature.

    Academic Involvement of TA

    • Web graphic head for the Humanology Project.
    • President and creator of Reel Rendezvous, a movie club.
    • Works in a Psychology lab.

    Biological Basis of Learning & Memory

    • Nervous system consists of two main cell types: neurons and glial cells.
    • Human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons and may contain over 100 trillion synapses.

    Glial Cells

    • Outnumber neurons by a ratio of 10 to 1; vital for neuronal support.
    • Functions include supplying nourishment, removing waste products, and providing insulation for axons.

    Neurons

    • Core cells in the nervous system responsible for receiving, integrating, and transmitting information.

    Basic Parts of the Neuron

    • Soma: Cell body containing organelles and nucleus.
    • Dendrites: Receive information from other neurons.
    • Axon: Long fiber transmitting signals away from the soma.
    • Terminal Buttons: Secrete neurotransmitters into the synapse.
    • Synapse: Gap where two neurons communicate.

    Types of Neurons

    • Principal Neurons: Organized dendritic structures; connect locally or over long distances.
    • Interneurons: Communicate signals within local nervous system regions.
    • Motor Neurons: Branching dendrites; extend to send impulses to muscles.
    • Sensory Neurons: Specialized dendrites for receiving signals from sensory organs.

    Neuronal Communication

    • Neurons generate electrical energy to prompt neurotransmitter release at terminal buttons.

    Resting Potential

    • Characterized by a stable, negative charge when the neuron is inactive, influenced by ion distribution (NA+ outside, K+ inside).

    Action Potential

    • Triggered when channels in the cell membrane open, allowing NA+ to flow in; transiently makes the neuron positively charged.
    • Electrical charge propagation down the axon occurs in mere milliseconds.

    All or None Law

    • Describes action potential firing: it either happens fully or not at all; there’s no partial firing.
    • Stimulus strength is indicated by the firing rate of action potentials.

    Chemical Signals

    • Action potentials prompt vesicles to transport neurotransmitters into the synapse, facilitating communication with neighboring neurons.

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    Description

    This quiz covers foundational concepts from 'Introduction to Learning & Memory' and 'The Biological Basis of Learning & Memory' in PSY 369. Test your understanding of these critical topics as part of Weekly Quiz 1. Be prepared to apply your knowledge on the mechanisms of learning and memory.

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