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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are the main components of the nervous system?
What is the estimated number of neurons in the human brain?
approximately 100 billion
What is the role of glial cells?
support for neurons
Neurons transmit information through ________ that extend from the soma.
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The soma is also referred to as the nerve terminal.
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What determines the strength of a stimulus in neurons?
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What is the resting potential?
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The action potential allows sodium (NA+) to flow into the ________.
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What happens when the action potential reaches the terminal buttons?
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Study Notes
Course Announcements
- Content from "Introduction to Learning & Memory" and "The Biological Basis of Learning & Memory" will be tested in Weekly Quiz 1.
- Reflection recording for this week has been posted; submit by the end of class.
- Syllabus Quiz due next Sunday at 11:59 PM; updated syllabus includes office hour information.
TA Information
- Joao Lopes: Psychology BS & Biology, Contact: [email protected]
- Engaged in Men’s Club Soccer, Pre-Dental preparation; owns two dogs.
Personal Interests of TA
- Enjoys playing video games like Fortnite, Dead by Daylight, and Disco Elysium.
- Listens to artists including The Smiths, Radiohead, Clairo, and Arctic Monkeys.
- Favorite film is ‘Good Will Hunting’ featuring Robin Williams; enjoys reading varied literature.
Academic Involvement of TA
- Web graphic head for the Humanology Project.
- President and creator of Reel Rendezvous, a movie club.
- Works in a Psychology lab.
Biological Basis of Learning & Memory
- Nervous system consists of two main cell types: neurons and glial cells.
- Human brain has approximately 100 billion neurons and may contain over 100 trillion synapses.
Glial Cells
- Outnumber neurons by a ratio of 10 to 1; vital for neuronal support.
- Functions include supplying nourishment, removing waste products, and providing insulation for axons.
Neurons
- Core cells in the nervous system responsible for receiving, integrating, and transmitting information.
Basic Parts of the Neuron
- Soma: Cell body containing organelles and nucleus.
- Dendrites: Receive information from other neurons.
- Axon: Long fiber transmitting signals away from the soma.
- Terminal Buttons: Secrete neurotransmitters into the synapse.
- Synapse: Gap where two neurons communicate.
Types of Neurons
- Principal Neurons: Organized dendritic structures; connect locally or over long distances.
- Interneurons: Communicate signals within local nervous system regions.
- Motor Neurons: Branching dendrites; extend to send impulses to muscles.
- Sensory Neurons: Specialized dendrites for receiving signals from sensory organs.
Neuronal Communication
- Neurons generate electrical energy to prompt neurotransmitter release at terminal buttons.
Resting Potential
- Characterized by a stable, negative charge when the neuron is inactive, influenced by ion distribution (NA+ outside, K+ inside).
Action Potential
- Triggered when channels in the cell membrane open, allowing NA+ to flow in; transiently makes the neuron positively charged.
- Electrical charge propagation down the axon occurs in mere milliseconds.
All or None Law
- Describes action potential firing: it either happens fully or not at all; there’s no partial firing.
- Stimulus strength is indicated by the firing rate of action potentials.
Chemical Signals
- Action potentials prompt vesicles to transport neurotransmitters into the synapse, facilitating communication with neighboring neurons.
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Description
This quiz covers foundational concepts from 'Introduction to Learning & Memory' and 'The Biological Basis of Learning & Memory' in PSY 369. Test your understanding of these critical topics as part of Weekly Quiz 1. Be prepared to apply your knowledge on the mechanisms of learning and memory.
