Podcast
Questions and Answers
Who is considered the Father of Psychology?
Who is considered the Father of Psychology?
What is the method by which individuals were taught to carefully observe, analyze, and describe their own experiences?
What is the method by which individuals were taught to carefully observe, analyze, and describe their own experiences?
What is the approach that emphasizes the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness?
What is the approach that emphasizes the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness?
What is the early approach that emphasizes observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses?
What is the early approach that emphasizes observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the year described as psychology's 'date of birth'?
What is the year described as psychology's 'date of birth'?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is associated with the development of psychoanalysis?
Who is associated with the development of psychoanalysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three basic elements that the mind consists of according to Structuralism?
What are the three basic elements that the mind consists of according to Structuralism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the biological perspective in psychology?
What is the primary focus of the biological perspective in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Who established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?
Who established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a component of the biological perspective?
Which of the following is NOT a component of the biological perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approach that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements that combine to form experience?
What is the approach that argues that the mind consists of three basic elements that combine to form experience?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main concern of the learning perspective in psychology?
What is the main concern of the learning perspective in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Who would be most likely to focus on the importance of reinforcement in learning?
Who would be most likely to focus on the importance of reinforcement in learning?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a hypothesis in research?
What is a hypothesis in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the cognitive perspective in psychology?
What is the primary focus of the cognitive perspective in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
Which perspective would be most concerned with the study of intelligence?
Which perspective would be most concerned with the study of intelligence?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a variable in research?
What is a variable in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference between behaviorists and social-cognitive learning theorists?
What is the primary difference between behaviorists and social-cognitive learning theorists?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the first step in the scientific method?
What is the first step in the scientific method?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a population in research?
What is a population in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a representative sample in research?
What is a representative sample in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of research method involves descriptions of behavior, but not necessarily causal explanations?
What type of research method involves descriptions of behavior, but not necessarily causal explanations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a case study in research?
What is a case study in research?
Signup and view all the answers
What may be obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and psychological tests?
What may be obtained through interviews, questionnaires, and psychological tests?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary focus of the discipline of psychology?
What is the primary focus of the discipline of psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main goal of scientific studies in psychology?
What is the main goal of scientific studies in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of the Greek letter in psychology?
What is the significance of the Greek letter in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary objective of psychology?
What is the primary objective of psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'phrenology' literally mean?
What does the term 'phrenology' literally mean?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the key feature of the scientific method in psychology?
What is the key feature of the scientific method in psychology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of naturalistic observation?
What is the main purpose of naturalistic observation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is standardization in testing?
What is standardization in testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of laboratory observation?
What is the purpose of laboratory observation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is reliability in testing?
What is reliability in testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is validity in testing?
What is validity in testing?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important for psychological tests to be reliable?
Why is it important for psychological tests to be reliable?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of norms in testing?
What is the purpose of norms in testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of observation is used to observe behavior in a more controlled setting?
What type of observation is used to observe behavior in a more controlled setting?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Introduction to Psychology
- Psychology is the science that studies behavior and mental processes
- Represented by the Greek letter ψ (“psi”)
- Concerned with the study of how human feel, think, and behave
- Aims to understand human mind and behaviors and predict behaviors
- Promotes psychological well-being of people
Mission of Psychology
- Uses the scientific method to gather evidence and test hypotheses
- Goals of scientific studies:
- Measure and describe
- Understand and predict
- Apply and predict
History of Psychology
- Phrenology: Greek for “study of the mind”
- Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) is considered the Father of Psychology
- Established the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany in 1879
- 1897 is described as psychology’s “date of birth”
- Wundt’s perspective:
- Introspection: method of carefully observing, analyzing, and describing one’s own experiences
- Structuralism: argues that the mind consists of three basic elements - sensations, feelings, and images
Early Approaches in Psychology
- Functionalism: emphasized the function or purpose of behavior and consciousness (William James, 1842-1910)
- Behaviorism: emphasized observable behavior and studies relationships between stimuli and responses (John B Watson, 1879-1958)
- Psychoanalysis: emphasized the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior (Sigmund Freud, 1859-1939)
Perspectives in Psychology
- Biological perspective: focuses on how bodily events affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts
- Learning perspective: concerned with how the environment and experience affect a person’s actions
- Cognitive perspective: emphasizes what goes on in people’s heads, focusing on mental processes such as sensation, perception, memory, intelligence, language, thought, and problem-solving
- Sociocultural perspective: emphasizes the role of social and cultural factors in shaping behavior and mental processes
Research Methods
- Variables: any phenomenon that can change or vary
- Steps of scientific research:
- Draw a testable statement or prediction
- Search for a gap in the literature
- Select appropriate research methods
- Gather data and try to have a representative sample
- Analyze the data and draw conclusions
- Report findings and replicate the findings if possible
Types of Psychological Research
- Descriptive methods: yield descriptions of behavior, but not necessarily causal explanations
- Case studies
- Observational studies
- Psychological tests
- Surveys
- Case studies: detailed descriptions of a particular individual being studied or treated
- Observational studies: systematic observation and recording of behavior without interfering with behavior
- Psychological tests: procedures used to measure and evaluate personality traits, emotional states, aptitudes, interests, abilities, and values
Characteristics of Good Psychological Tests
- Standardization: uniform procedures for giving and scoring the test
- Reliability: consistency of test scores from one time and place to another
- Validity: ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the basics of psychology, including the establishment of the first psychological laboratory, major perspectives, and the role of psychologists. It also explores why psychology is considered a science.
