Protozoan Parasites and Infections
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the parasite that causes malaria?

  • Plasmodium (correct)
  • Entamoeba histolytica
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Toxoplasma gondii

    • What is the name of the mosquito that transmits malaria?

  • Anopheles (correct)
  • Aedes
  • Culex
  • None of the above

    • What are the two types of hosts in the malaria life cycle?

    Definitive host and intermediate host

    Which of the following is a drug used to prevent malaria?

    <p>Chloroquine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic method for malaria?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A positive result on a pregnancy test strip indicates the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two alleles that determine sickle cell anemia?

    <p>HbA and HbS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms related to sickle cell anemia with their definitions.

    <p>Homozygous = Having two identical alleles for a trait Heterozygous = Having two different alleles for a trait Dominant = An allele that masks the effects of a recessive allele Recessive = An allele that is only expressed when two copies are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the tool used to predict the inheritance of sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Punnett Square</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parasite that causes toxoplasmosis?

    <p>Toxoplasma gondii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the drug used to treat toxoplasmosis?

    <p>Pyrimethamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parasite that causes amebiasis?

    <p>Entamoeba histolytica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can be used to treat both amebiasis and trichomoniasis?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ORT stand for?

    <p>Oral Rehydration Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of severe dehydration?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the drug used to treat diarrhea?

    <p>Loperamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parasite that causes trichomoniasis?

    <p>Trichomonas vaginalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the drug used to treat trichomoniasis?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the vector that transmits trypanosomiasis?

    <p>Tsetse fly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by Trypanosoma brucei?

    <p>Sleeping sickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Winterbottom's sign is a symptom of Chagas disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the parasite that causes Chagas disease?

    <p>Trypanosoma cruzi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Romaña's sign is a symptom of Chagas disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a class of drugs used to treat trypanosomiasis?

    <p>Arsenic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the drug used to treat tapeworm infections?

    <p>Praziquantel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disease caused by pinworms?

    <p>Enterobiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a diagnostic procedure for PID?

    <p>Hysterosalpingogram</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a stage of syphilis?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium that causes syphilis?

    <p>Treponema pallidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syphilitic sores are also known as chancres.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lymphadenopathy is a common symptom of secondary syphilis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the rash that can occur in secondary syphilis?

    <p>Maculopapular rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of tertiary syphilis?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium that causes gonorrhea?

    <p>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of gonorrhea?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium that causes chlamydia?

    <p>Chlamydia trachomatis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a complication of chlamydia infection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that causes genital herpes?

    <p>Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the virus that causes warts?

    <p>Human Papillomavirus (HPV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the yeast that causes vaginitis?

    <p>Candida albicans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can be used to treat candidiasis?

    <p>Miconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the bacterium that causes bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Gardnerella vaginalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can be used to treat bacterial vaginosis?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis?

    <p>Trichomonas vaginalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs can be used to treat trichomoniasis?

    <p>Metronidazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a way that HIV can be transmitted?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    T cells are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of CD4 T cells per microliter of blood is used to diagnose AIDS.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opportunistic infections are more common in individuals with AIDS.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hormone that is produced during pregnancy?

    <p>Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of white blood cell?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fever is a sign of inflammation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lysozyme is an enzyme found in saliva and tears that helps to kill bacteria.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airways?

    <p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sebum is an oily substance produced by the skin that helps to protect the skin from infection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the fluid that is produced by the sweat glands?

    <p>Perspiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of lymphocyte?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells that bind to antigens.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of T cells with their functions.

    <p>Helper T cells = Activate other immune cells Cytotoxic T cells = Directly kill infected cells Regulatory T cells = Suppress the immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Neutralization is a process in which antibodies bind to antigens and prevent them from binding to host cells.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Opsonization is a process in which antibodies coat antigens and make them more attractive to phagocytes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complement activation is a process in which antibodies bind to antigens and activate the complement system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Central tolerance is a process in which T cells that recognize self-antigens are destroyed.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clonal selection is a process in which T cells that recognize a specific antigen are selected and expanded.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is a disease that affects the nervous system.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenia gravis is a disease that affects the muscles.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of allergy?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antihistamines are drugs that block the effects of histamine.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaphylactic allergy is a severe, life-threatening allergic reaction.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epinephrine is a drug that can be used to treat anaphylactic allergy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Contact dermatitis is a skin rash that is caused by contact with an allergen.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Protozoan Parasites

    • Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites
    • Anopheles mosquitos are the definitive host
    • Intermediate hosts can be humans
    • Chloroquine, mefloquine, and atovaquone/proguanil are antimalaria drugs
    • Diagnostic methods include: Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay, Malaria Rapid Test Strip
    • Pregnancy test strips detect Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)
    • Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) genotypes and phenotypes are related to malaria resistance
    • Punnett squares predict SCA probabilities

    Toxoplasmosis and Amebiasis

    • Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite causing toxoplasmosis
    • Pyrimethamine is a treatment for toxoplasmosis
    • Entamoeba histolytica causes amebiasis
    • Metronidazole is a treatment for amebiasis

    Other Parasitic Infections

    • Trypanosomiasis is caused by Trypanosoma brucei (sleeping sickness) or Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease)
    • Vectors include tsetse flies for brucei and kissing bugs for cruzi.
    • Chagas and Sleeping sickness have specific symptoms
    • Helminths are parasitic worms like tapeworms (Taenia spp.) and pinworms (Enterobiasis)
    • Praziquantel is a treatment for tapeworms
    • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
    • Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a diagnostic procedure
    • Common genitourinary infections: Syphilis with Treponema pallidum, Gonorrhea with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia with Chlamydia trachomatis

    Viral Infections

    • Genital herpes is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2)
    • Genital warts are caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV).
    • Warts can be treated with cryotherapy
    • Vaginitis can be caused by Candida albicans.
    • Bacterial Vaginosis (BV), is caused by bacteria and Trichomonas vaginalis

    HIV/AIDS

    • HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
    • AIDS is characterized by a weakened immune system (≤200 CD4 T cells per µL blood)

    Adaptive Immunity

    • Adaptive immunity involves lymphocytes (T cells and B cells) and antibodies
    • Antibodies neutralize, opsonize, and activate complements
    • T-cells (Helper, Cytotoxic, Regulatory) have specific roles in immunity
    • Autoimmune diseases (Lupus, Type 1 Diabetes, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Multiple Sclerosis, Myasthenia Gravis) cause the body to attack its own tissues.

    Allergies

    • Common allergies include Atopic Allergies, Anaphylactic Allergies, and Contact Dermatitis

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    Description

    This quiz covers various protozoan parasites, including those causing malaria, toxoplasmosis, and amebiasis. Learn about their life cycles, vectors, treatments, and associations with genetic conditions like Sickle Cell Anemia. Perfect for biology students studying parasitology.

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