Bio Final Key Terms PDF

Protozoan parasites Cyst Trophozoite Plasmodium Malaria Anopheles mosquito Definitive host Intermediate host Prophylaxis Chloroquine (“Aralen”) Mefloquine (“Lariam”) Atovaquone + Proguanil (“Malarone”) Malaria diagnostic methods Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay Malaria Rapid Test Strip...

Protozoan parasites Cyst Trophozoite Plasmodium Malaria Anopheles mosquito Definitive host Intermediate host Prophylaxis Chloroquine (“Aralen”) Mefloquine (“Lariam”) Atovaquone + Proguanil (“Malarone”) Malaria diagnostic methods Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Assay Malaria Rapid Test Strip Dye beads covered in antigen Antigens Antibodies Positive, negative, invalid results Pregnancy test strip Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) Genotype and Phenotype In relation to SCA & Malaria resistance Homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive How to predict SCA (Punnett Square) Toxoplasma gondii Toxoplasmosis Pyrimethamine (“Daraprim”) Entamoeba histolytica Amebiasis Metronidazole (“Flagyl”) Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) Symptoms of severe dehydration Diarrhea, dysentery, gastroenteritis Loperamide (“Imodium”) Trichomonas vaginalis Trichomoniasis Dysuria Metronidazole (“Flagyl”) Trypanosomiasis Vectors Trypanosoma brucei Sleeping Sickness Tsetse fly Winterbottom’s sign Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas Disease Kissing bug Romaña's sign Arsenic compounds (Ex. Pentamidine) Helminths Taenia spp. (tapeworms) Praziquantel (“Biltricide”) Pinworms Enterobiasis Pin-X Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) Common infections of the genitourinary system 1. Syphilis (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary) Treponema pallidum Syphilitic sores (chancres) Lymphadenopathy Maculopapular rash Gummas Argyll Robertson Pupils 2. Gonorrhea Neisseria gonorrhoeae Purulent discharge Endocarditis Ophthalmia Arthritis Pharyngitis Encephalitis Meningitis 3. Chalmydia Chlamydia trachomatis Salpingitis Urethritis Cervicitis 4. Genital Herpes Herpes Simplex Virus-2 (HSV-2) Vesicular lesions 5. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Warts Cryotherapy Gardasil 6. Vaginitis Yeast: Candida albicans Rx= Miconazole ‘candidiasis’ Bacteria: Gardnerella vaginalis Rx= Metronidazole ‘BV’ Bacterial Vaginosis Protozoan Parasite: Trichomonas vaginalis Rx= Metronidazole ‘Trichomoniasis’ 7. HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) HIV transmission T cells CD4 receptor AIDS diagnosis (≤200 CD4 T cells per μL blood) Opportunistic infections Innate immunity Barrier defenses Leukocytes Fever Inflammation Defensive chemicals 1. Skin 2. Mucous membranes Mucociliary escalator 3. Lacrimal apparatus Lysozyme 4. Saliva Histatins 5. Epiglottis 6. Sebum 7. Perspiration Lysozyme Adaptive immunity Lymphocytes T cells B cells Antibodies 1. T Cells a. Helper T cells b. Cytotoxic T cells c. Regulatory T cells 2. B Cells Plasma cells a. Neutralization b. Opsonization c. Complement activation Central tolerance Clonal selection Autoimmune diseases (including examples) Lupus Type 1 Diabetes Rheumatoid Arthritis Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Myasthenia Gravis Allergies Atopic Allergies Antihistamines Anaphylactic allergy (shock) Epinephrine (Epi pen) Contact dermatitis