AP Chapter 5 Matching

Protestant Reformation = A movement initiated by Martin Luther challenging the Catholic Church's practices Counter-Reformation = The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation Society of Jesus (Jesuits) = A religious order committed to education and missionary work Cofradias = Religious brotherhoods in Spanish and Portuguese colonies

Protestant Reformation = Critique of Church wealth and power Counter-Reformation = Reassertion of Catholic authority through the Inquisition Society of Jesus (Jesuits) = Spreading Catholicism globally Cofradias = Promoting charitable work and religious festivals

The Dream of the Red Chamber = Classic Chinese novel by Cao Xueqin Sikhism = Monotheistic religion founded by Guru Nanak Protestant Reformation = Initiated by Martin Luther in the 16th century Rise of Sikhism = Emergence during social and religious tension in India

<p>Sikhism = Emphasizes equality and social justice Counter-Reformation = Involved reforms like the Council of Trent Fiscal = Pertains to government revenues and expenditures Cofradias = Often formed by indigenous peoples for devotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestant Reformation = Early 16th century Society of Jesus (Jesuits) = Founded in 1540 Rise of Sikhism = Late 15th century Cofradias = 18th century colonial Latin America</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestant Reformation = Creation of Protestant churches Counter-Reformation = Renewed focus on combating heresy Sikhism = Rejection of the caste system Cofradias = Charitable assistance to the poor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sikhism = Guru Nanak Counter-Reformation = Council of Trent The Dream of the Red Chamber = Cao Xueqin Protestant Reformation = Martin Luther</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sikhism = Living an honest life while meditating on God's name Cofradias = Organizing religious festivals Protestant Reformation = Salvation through faith alone Counter-Reformation = Promoting Catholic doctrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Society of Jesus (Jesuits) = Education and missionary work Cofradias = Charitable work Protestant Reformation = Challenging Church practices Counter-Reformation = Combating Protestantism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Dream of the Red Chamber = Explores the decline of the Qing dynasty Sikhism = Focus on unity and equality Cofradias = Promoted religious devotion among indigenous peoples Protestant Reformation = Advocated for salvation through faith alone</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hacienda System = Exploitation of indigenous labor for agriculture and mining Encomienda System = Forced labor system in exchange for protection Bhakti Movement = Devotion to a personal god emphasizing equality Taki Onqoy = Indigenous resistance against Spanish colonial rule</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ninety-Five Theses = Criticism of the Catholic Church leading to the Protestant Reformation European Enlightenment = Challenge to traditional authority through reason and scientific progress Scientific Revolution = Advancements in understanding the universe and laying groundwork for modern science Kaozheng = Critical inquiry into ancient texts for accurate historical interpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas Hobbes = Strong central authority in the social contract theory John Locke = Emphasis on natural rights within social contract theory Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Advocation for democracy in social contract theory Voltaire = Critique of established religion during the Enlightenment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divine Right of Kings = Authority derived from God, justifying absolute monarchy Social Contract Theory = Consensus for government protection in exchange for freedoms European Enlightenment = Intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism Encyclopedie = Compilation of knowledge challenging traditional authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicolaus Copernicus = H heliocentric theory of the universe Galileo Galilei = Astronomy and physics advancements Isaac Newton = Laws of motion and gravity Johannes Kepler = Laws of planetary motion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hacienda System = Large estates relying on indigenous labor exploitation Bhakti Movement = Promoted equality and rejected caste systems Taki Onqoy = Religious resistance based on native traditions Encomienda System = Rights to extract labor in exchange for Christianization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kaozheng = Qing Dynasty's critical study of texts Scientific Revolution = Era of major advancements in science Ninety-Five Theses = Document sparking the Protestant Reformation Social Contract Theory = Foundational idea regarding government legitimacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denis Diderot = Editor of the Encyclopedie Rousseau = Critique of social order favoring democracy Locke = Advocate for natural rights Voltaire = Challenge to religious and political authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European Enlightenment = Promoted liberty and scientific thinking Bhakti Movement = Spread of Hinduism through devotion Taki Onqoy = Indigenous resistance against colonization Ninety-Five Theses = Challenge to Catholic orthodoxy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divine Right of Kings = 16th and 17th centuries in Europe Enlightenment = 17th to 18th centuries intellectual movement Kaozheng = Late 17th and 18th centuries in Qing China Scientific Revolution = 16th and 17th centuries advancements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hacienda System = Exploitation of indigenous labor on large estates Encomienda System = Forced labor in exchange for protection and Christianization Divine Right of Kings = Authority of kings derived directly from God Social Contract Theory = Individuals surrender freedoms for societal protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>European Enlightenment = Voltaire and Rousseau Kaozheng = Critique of traditional beliefs in Qing China Bhakti Movement = Focus on devotion over ritual Scientific Revolution = Copernicus and Newton</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ninety-Five Theses = Sparked the Protestant Reformation Taki Onqoy = Indigenous resistance to Spanish colonialism Encyclopedie = Compiling knowledge to challenge authority Scientific Revolution = Transition towards modern scientific thought</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bhakti Movement = Devotion to a personal god and equality Taki Onqoy = Restoration of indigenous ways through divine help Kaozheng = Research-based study of ancient texts Divine Right of Kings = Justification for absolute monarchy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thomas Hobbes = Strong central authority John Locke = Emphasis on natural rights Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Advocacy for democracy Denis Diderot = Challenge to traditional authority through knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestant Reformation = Martin Luther Counter-Reformation = Ignatius of Loyola Rise of Sikhism = Guru Nanak Society of Jesus = Francis Xavier</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hacienda System = Economic structure for agriculture and mining Encomienda System = Exploitation and abuse of native populations Enlightenment = Promotion of liberty and scientific progress Ninety-Five Theses = Criticism of church practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sikhism = Equality and social justice Cofradias = Charitable work and community support Protestant Reformation = Salvation through faith alone Counter-Reformation = Combatting heresy and promoting Catholic doctrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fiscal policies = Government revenues and expenditures The Dream of the Red Chamber = Chinese aristocratic society Cofradias = Religious brotherhoods in colonial regions Society of Jesus = Missionary work abroad</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scientific Revolution = Challenging medieval views of the universe European Enlightenment = Critique of authority through reason Medieval Period = Rise of devotion through the Bhakti Movement Colonial Spanish America = Institutional exploitation of indigenous populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sikhism = Rejection of the caste system Protestant Reformation = Critique of church wealth and corruption Counter-Reformation = Restoration of the Church's authority Cofradias = Promotion of religious festivals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Divine Right of Kings = Justification for monarchs' absolute rule Social Contract Theory = Framework for government legitimacy Kaozheng = Accuracy in historical interpretation Sci Revolution = Foundation of modern scientific inquiry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestant Reformation = Dissolution of Catholic hegemony Counter-Reformation = Reaffirmation of Catholic orthodoxy Rise of Sikhism = Unity among diverse religious communities Society of Jesus = Education and missionary expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ninety-Five Theses = 1517 criticism of the Catholic Church Taki Onqoy = Resistance in 16th century Peru Hacienda System = Land use in colonial Spanish America Encyclopedie = Publication during the Enlightenment</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Dream of the Red Chamber = Family and societal expectations Cofradias = Religious devotion and charity Sikhism = Devotion to one God Counter-Reformation = Response to Protestant challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestant Reformation = Early 16th century Europe Counter-Reformation = Response to Protestant Reformation Rise of Sikhism = Tension between Hinduism and Islam The Dream of the Red Chamber = Decline of the Qing dynasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = 95 Theses Ignatius of Loyola = Founding of the Jesuits Guru Nanak = Foundation of Sikhism Francis Xavier = Missionary work in Asia</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fiscal = Related to financial matters Cofradias = Religious brotherhoods Sikhism = Monotheistic religion advocating equality Society of Jesus = Order focusing on education and missions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Society of Jesus = Combat Protestantism Cofradias = Charitable activities in colonies Counter-Reformation = Strengthening Catholic doctrine Protestant Reformation = Challenging Catholic Church practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isaac Newton = Laws of motion and universal gravitation Kangxi = Promotion of Confucianism and cultural flourishing Galileo Galilei = Supporting the heliocentric theory with telescope discoveries Mary Wollstonecraft = Advocacy for women's rights and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Locke = Government as a social contract for natural rights Jean-Jacques Rousseau = The general will as the basis of government Voltaire = Advocacy for civil liberties and reason Wang Yangming = Intuitive knowledge as moral foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guru Nanak = Rejection of the caste system and promotion of equality Abd al-Wahhab = Return to a purer form of Islam Kangxi = Tolerance of Christianity and Jesuit missions Wang Yangming = Innate understanding of right and wrong in moral philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicholas Copernicus = Heliocentric model formulation Johannes Kepler = Laws of planetary motion with elliptical orbits Galileo Galilei = Telescope discoveries supporting heliocentrism Isaac Newton = Synthesis of scientific discoveries in physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlightenment = Advocacy for reason and individual rights Scientific Revolution = Revolution in understanding the physical universe Ming Dynasty = Philosophical development and Confucian challenges Qing Dynasty = Cultural flourishing and territorial expansion</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mary Wollstonecraft = Early feminist and gender equality advocate Voltaire = Critic of monarchy and church advocating for secularism John Locke = Foundational ideas for modern democracy Kangxi = Influence on cultural and political stability in China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Locke = Natural rights theory Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Social contract theory Voltaire = Secularism and civil liberties Kangxi = Cultural tolerance in governance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galileo Galilei = Moons of Jupiter Kepler = Planetary motion laws Copernicus = Earth's revolution around the Sun Newton = Principles of natural philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Direct democracy importance John Locke = Natural rights in government Voltaire = Civil liberties and rational discourse Mary Wollstonecraft = Women's rights and education</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abd al-Wahhab = Wahhabi movement Guru Nanak = Sikhism Kangxi = Qing Dynasty Confucianism Wang Yangming = Neo-Confucian philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Initiated the Protestant Reformation by posting the Ninety-Five Theses John Calvin = Developed the doctrine of predestination Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Advocated for the rights of indigenous peoples Pope Clement XI = Supported the Jesuit missionaries in China initially</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Germany John Calvin = Switzerland Bartolomeu de Las Casas = The Americas Matteo Ricci = China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our Lady of Guadalupe = A symbol of indigenous identity and Catholic faith in Mexico Matteo Ricci = Jesuit missionary known for integrating into Chinese culture Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Criticized mistreatment of native populations by colonizers Pope Clement XI = Involved in the Rites Controversy regarding Jesuit practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Salvation by faith alone John Calvin = Predestination Pope Clement XI = Vatican's criticism of Jesuits in China Matteo Ricci = Incorporation of Confucian principles into Catholic teaching</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Posted the Ninety-Five Theses John Calvin = Influenced development of Reformed Christianity Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Spoke against the encomienda system Our Lady of Guadalupe = Became a unifying figure in Mexican spirituality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matteo Ricci = Jesuit who adapted Catholic teachings in China John Calvin = Leading figure in the Reformed tradition Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Proclaimed rights for native populations Pope Clement XI = Facilitated Jesuit missions in the early 18th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Posting of the Ninety-Five Theses = Initiation of the Protestant Reformation John Calvin's teachings = Development of Reformed denominations Bartolomeu de Las Casas' advocacy = Reforms in colonial policies Rites Controversy = Vatican criticism of Jesuit missionary practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Protestant Reformation John Calvin = Reformed Christianity Matteo Ricci = Jesuit missions in China Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Advocacy for indigenous rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salvation by faith alone = Martin Luther Predestination = John Calvin Missionary adaptation = Matteo Ricci Indigenous rights advocacy = Bartolomeu de Las Casas</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pope Clement XI = Jesuit Rites Controversy John Calvin = Debate on predestination Martin Luther = Conflict with the Catholic Church Matteo Ricci = Cultural adaptation criticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emperor Kangxi = Promoted Confucianism and allowed Jesuit missionaries in China Abd al-Wahhab = Founded the Wahhabi movement advocating for a purer form of Islam Guru Nanak = Rejected the caste system and promoted equality in Sikhism John Locke = Argued for natural rights and social contract theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mary Wollstonecraft = A Vindication of the Rights of Woman advocating for women's education Jean-Jacques Rousseau = The Social Contract discussing the general will of the people Isaac Newton = Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy on motion and gravitation Voltaire = Candide critiquing society and advocating for civil liberties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nicholas Copernicus = Formulated the heliocentric model of the universe Johannes Kepler = Discovered the laws of planetary motion Galileo Galilei = Made significant contributions to telescopic astronomy Isaac Newton = Formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emperor Kangxi = Facilitated cultural flourishing in Qing Dynasty Wang Yangming = Developed the concept of intuitive knowledge in moral understanding Voltaire = Criticized authoritarianism and promoted reason John Locke = Influenced modern democracy with natural rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wahhabism = Abd al-Wahhab Sikhism = Guru Nanak Enlightenment = Voltaire Empiricism = John Locke</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Rights = John Locke Direct Democracy = Jean-Jacques Rousseau Gender Equality = Mary Wollstonecraft Civil Liberties = Voltaire</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Guru Nanak = Laid the foundation of Sikhism promoting equality Abd al-Wahhab = Influenced the development of Saudi Arabian interpretation of Islam Emperor Kangxi = Allowed Jesuit influence on Chinese culture Wang Yangming = Challenged Confucian orthodoxy with his philosophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mary Wollstonecraft = Advocated for women's rights and equal education Voltaire = Criticized the French monarchy and church Jean-Jacques Rousseau = Called for government based on the general will John Locke = Promoted the idea of government as a social contract</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Galileo Galilei = Discovered moons of Jupiter and phases of Venus Nicholas Copernicus = Published heliocentric model Johannes Kepler = Explained planetary motion as elliptical Isaac Newton = Unified motion and gravitation in physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Initiated the Protestant Reformation with the Ninety-Five Theses John Calvin = Developed the doctrine of predestination Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Advocated for the rights of indigenous peoples Matteo Ricci = Integrated Jesuit teachings into Chinese culture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Criticized the sale of indulgences John Calvin = Influenced Reformed Christianity in Europe Our Lady of Guadalupe = Symbolized indigenous identity in Mexico Pope Clement XI = Supported Jesuit missionary efforts in China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Started the Protestant Reformation John Calvin = Key figure in Reformed Christianity Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Promoted indigenous rights in colonial Americas Matteo Ricci = Facilitated cultural exchange in China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our Lady of Guadalupe = Virgin Mary in Mexican culture Martin Luther = Reformation leader Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Defender of indigenous rights John Calvin = Preacher of predestination</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reformation initiated by Martin Luther = Weakened Catholic Church’s influence John Calvin’s teachings = Development of Reformed Christianity Las Casas’ advocacy = Reformed colonial treatment of natives Jesuit mission in China = Incorporated Confucian principles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Salvation by faith alone John Calvin = God's predestination doctrine Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Critique of Spanish colonialism Matteo Ricci = Respect for Chinese traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Germany John Calvin = France Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Spain Matteo Ricci = China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rites Controversy = Jesuits' practices in China criticized Protestant Reformation = Challenge to papal authority Advocacy for indigenous rights = Las Casas’ reform efforts Role of Our Lady of Guadalupe = Cultural unification in Mexico</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Religious reform in Europe John Calvin = Predestination theology Bartolomeu de Las Casas = Advocacy for native peoples Matteo Ricci = Jesuit influence in China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salvation by faith alone = Martin Luther Predestination = John Calvin Rights of indigenous peoples = Bartolomeu de Las Casas Cultural integration = Matteo Ricci</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vodou = Haiti Santería = Cuba Wahhabism = Saudi Arabia Syncretism of Islamization = Mughal India</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Council of Trent = Reaffirmed Catholic doctrine and authority Thirty Years War = Reshaped the political map of Europe Edict of Nantes = Granted religious tolerance to Huguenots Peace of Westphalia = Established sovereignty of states in Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab = Wahhabism Akbar = Mughal India syncretism Henry IV of France = Edict of Nantes Calvin = Huguenots</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rituals and music = Santería Veneration of saints = Vodou Strict monotheism = Wahhabism Use of Persian language = Islamization in Mughal India</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>French Wars of Religion = Catholics vs. Protestants Dutch Revolt = Protestants vs. Spain English Civil War = Royalists vs. Parliamentarians Thirty Years' War = Catholic vs. Protestant states</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peace of Westphalia = Ended Thirty Years' War Edict of Nantes = Allowed Huguenots to practice openly Council of Trent = Counter-Reformation response Revocation of Edict of Nantes = Renewed persecution of Protestants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huguenots = Persecuted French Protestants Wahhabism = Puritanical form of Sunni Islam Santería = Combines Yoruba religion with Catholicism Syncretism = Blending of different religious traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thirty Years' War = 1618-1648 Council of Trent = 1545-1563 Huguenot persecution = 16th-17th centuries Edict of Nantes = 1598</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wahhabism = Rejection of innovations in Islam Vodou = Worship of spirits known as Loa Santería = Rituals invoking Orishas Council of Trent = Clarification of Catholic doctrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thirty Years War = Peace of Westphalia Edict of Nantes = Revocation led to Huguenot emigration Wahhabism's rise = Influence on Saudi Arabian politics Syncretism in Mughal India = Cultural blend of Hindu and Islamic practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spanish America = Linked to colonial power structure, with missionaries influencing social and political life China = Faced suppression due to the Rites Controversy and suspicions of foreign influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Americas = Incorporation of Catholicism with indigenous beliefs, equating deities with saints Africa = Brought religious practices to the Americas that influenced syncretic worship Vodou = A religion that joined African traditions with Catholic elements Candomblé = Shows the merging of African rituals and beliefs with indigenous practices and Catholicism</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accommodation in China = Faced condemnation from the Vatican due to adapting ancestral worship Syncretism in the Americas = Influenced by the religious practices of enslaved Africans</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Santería = Combines African traditions with Catholicism in Cuba Vodou = A Haitian religion merging African spirit beliefs with Catholic saints Candomblé = Brazilian fusion of African religions with local customs and Catholicism Syncretism in the Americas = The broader term for blending indigenous and Catholic beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultural blending = Incorporation of various elements from different traditions Religious adaptation = Modifying practices to fit societal norms to facilitate conversion Social integration = Helping different religious groups coexist within colonial societies Historical significance = Reflects the complexity of religious interactions in colonial contexts</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Indigenous adaptation = Blend of Catholic saints with local deities to ease conversion African influence = Religious practices from Africa merged with local and Catholic beliefs Missionary strategies = Jesuits adapting teachings to align with local customs in China Political maneuvering = Religious practices tied to maintaining social and political control in colonies</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jesuit policies = Tensions caused by accommodating Confucian practices in China Vatican's position = Condemned practices that blended Catholicism with local rituals Qing dynasty = Suspicion towards foreign religious influence led to suppression Conversion strategies = Jesuit missionaries sought to blend teachings to enhance acceptance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonial rule in Spanish America = Led to religious syncretism through forced conversions Ming and Qing dynasties = Initial Jesuit successes contrasted with later rejections of Christianity Transatlantic slave trade = Brought African religious practices which strengthened syncretism in the Americas Missionary efforts in China = Eventually led to conflicts over the acceptance of local religious practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spanish missionaries = Successfully blended Catholicism with local traditions in the Americas Jesuit missionaries in China = Gained approval from the imperial court through a strategy of accommodation Conversion in the Americas = Facilitated through syncretism with indigenous and African traditions Subsequent rejection in China = Influenced by a rise in suspicion towards foreign religions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Spanish America = Blending of indigenous and Catholic traditions China = Accommodation with Confucian values Brazil = Vodou and African-Catholic fusion Haiti = Santería practices influenced by Yoruba traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Candomblé = African traditions blended with Catholicism Syncretism = Integration of indigenous beliefs with Catholicism Ancestor worship = Practiced within Confucian ideals in China Rites Controversy = Conflict regarding Catholic practices in China</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jesuits = Spanish America Matteo Ricci = China Franciscans = Indigenous conversion efforts Dominicans = Colonial social and political influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vodou = West African and Catholic traditions Santería = Yoruba beliefs and Catholicism Candomblé = Blending of African and indigenous practices Native American Church = Integration of Christian elements with indigenous spirituality</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syncretism = Blending of different cultural traditions Accommodation = Reconciling foreign beliefs with local practices Colonialism = Imperial control utilizing religious conversion Secularism = Separation of religious and governmental authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rites Controversy = Suppression of Catholic practices in China Inquisition = Enforcement of religious conformity in Spain Protestant Reformation = Challenge to Catholic hegemony in Europe Slave Revolts = Resistance influenced by African religious retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jesuit missions in China = Initial success followed by rejection Spanish colonization = Catholicism linked to power structures African slave trade = Introduction of syncretic religious practices Qing dynasty policies = Increased suspicion of foreign influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Religious Syncretism = Indigenous deities as Catholic saints Cultural Accommodation = Confucian rituals in Catholic practice Religious Missions = Efforts by Franciscans in the Americas Imperial Control = Colonial power defining the Church's role</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Matteo Ricci = Jesuit adaption of Confucian ideals Franciscan missionaries = Focus on indigenous cultural integration Dominican priests = Support of colonial governance African religious leaders = Establishment of new syncretic practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vodou = Haiti Santería = Cuba Wahhabism = Saudi Arabia Syncretism of Islamization = Mughal India</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Council of Trent = Counter-Reformation Thirty Years' War = Peace of Westphalia Wars of Religion = Religious intolerance in France Edict of Nantes = Religious tolerance for Huguenots</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peace of Westphalia = End of the Thirty Years' War Edict of Nantes = Religious tolerance in France Council of Trent = Addressing Protestant Reformation issues Treaty of Breda = End of the Second Anglo-Dutch War</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huguenots = Persecuted French Protestants Wahhabism = Ultra-conservative Sunni Islam Calvinism = Branch of Protestantism associated with John Calvin Orishas = African deities worshipped in Santería</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thirty Years' War = Religious and political conflict in Europe Wars of Religion = Conflicts between Catholics and Protestants Mughal Empire = Cultural blend of Islam and Hinduism Reformation = Protest against Catholic Church practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Akbar = Promoter of religious tolerance in Mughal India King Henry IV = Issued the Edict of Nantes Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab = Founder of Wahhabism Martin Luther = Initiated the Protestant Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Counter-Reformation = Council of Trent Peace of Westphalia = End of the Thirty Years' War Revocation of Edict of Nantes = Persecution of Huguenots Syncretism = Fusion of religious practices in Mughal India</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huguenots = Fled to seek refuge from persecution Calvinists = Key Protestant sect in the Reformation Catholic Church = Counter-Reformation efforts Lutherans = Initial Protestant movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vodou = Blends African traditions with Catholicism Santería = Involves Orishas and Catholic saints Wahhabism = Critiques innovations in Islam Council of Trent = Reacted to Protestant challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thirty Years' War = Political reorganization in Europe Wars of Religion = Religious fragmentation in Europe Council of Trent = Clarified Catholic beliefs Edict of Nantes = Temporary peace for Huguenots</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Faith alone (sola fide) = Reformation Faith and good works = Catholic Teaching Good works as means to salvation = Catholic Teaching Direct access to the Bible = Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lutherans = Reject the veneration of saints Calvinists = Emphasize predestination Anabaptists = Advocate for adult baptism Dissidents = Oppose established doctrines</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clergy have authority to interpret the Bible = Catholic Teaching Clergy have no unique status = Reformation Clergy administer sacraments = Catholic Teaching All believers are priests = Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mary as intercessor = Catholic Teaching Rejection of Mary's veneration = Reformation Saints as intercessors = Catholic Teaching Direct relationship with God = Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prayers directed through the intercession of saints = Catholic Teaching Prayers directly to God using vernacular = Reformation Use of Latin in prayers = Catholic Teaching Emphasizing personal relationship in prayer = Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Censored books during Reformation = Protestant and Catholic authorities Heresy in published works = Counter-Reformation Maintaining doctrinal purity = Protestant and Catholic authorities Control of religious thought = Counter-Reformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lutherans = Belief in priesthood of all believers Calvinists = Need for direct relationship with God Anabaptists = Emphasis on separation of church and state Dissidents = Opposition to Catholic practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Huacas = Sacred objects or places in Andean culture Veneration of saints = Relics used in worship Predestination = Belief that God chooses the saved Idolatry = Rejection of worshiping intermediaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sacraments as means to salvation = Catholic Teaching Rejection of Pope's authority = Lutherans Adult baptism = Anabaptists Simplicity in worship = Calvinists</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Salvation by faith alone John Calvin = Sovereignty of God Lutherans = Authority of the Bible Anabaptists = Communal lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theism = Belief in a personal, intervening God who created the universe and participates in its affairs. Deism = Belief in a Creator who does not intervene in the universe after its creation. Pantheism = Belief that God and the universe are identical, found within everything. Agnosticism = Belief that the existence of God is unknown or unknowable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roman Empire = Known for its extensive road network and legal system. Mongol Empire = Notable for its rapid expansion through military conquests. British Empire = Famous for its colonization and trade across many continents. Ottoman Empire = Recognized for its cultural diversity and control over trade routes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catholic Teaching = Authority comes from the Church, the Pope, and tradition. Reformation = Authority rests primarily in the Bible alone (sola scriptura). Lutheranism = Emphasizes salvation through faith alone. Calvinism = Focuses on predestination and the sovereignty of God in salvation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sola Scriptura = Doctrine that asserts the Bible alone is authoritative. Transubstantiation = Belief in the real presence of Christ in the Eucharist. Papal Authority = Supreme authority of the Pope over the Church. Clergy = Individuals ordained for religious duties and sacramental administration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catholics = Believe in the authority of the Pope and Church traditions. Protestants = Reject papal authority and emphasize individual interpretation. Deists = Think of God as a creator who does not intervene in worldly affairs. Pantheists = View God as immanent in all aspects of the universe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enlightenment = Era that emphasized reason and skepticism of religious authority. Middle Ages = Period characterized by the dominance of the Catholic Church. Renaissance = Cultural movement that fostered humanism and individualism. Reformation = Movement that initiated a division in Christianity and challenged Catholic doctrines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theism = Associated with religious traditions like Christianity. Deism = Promoted by figures such as Thomas Jefferson. Pantheism = Echoed in philosophical traditions and certain Hinduisms. Calvinism = Attributed to John Calvin's teachings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Miracles = Extraordinary events attributed to divine intervention. Sacraments = Rituals recognized as a means of grace in Christianity. Doctrine = Beliefs upheld by a religious community. Faith = Trust or belief in God without empirical evidence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestantism = Emphasizes personal faith and the authority of the Scriptures. Catholicism = Involves a structured hierarchy led by the Pope. Eastern Orthodox = Focuses on tradition and the seven sacraments. Buddhism = Centers on the teachings of the Buddha and concepts like enlightenment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Signing of the Magna Carta = Limited the power of the monarchy. Protestant Reformation = Led to the fragmentation of the Western Church. Age of Enlightenment = Encouraged democratic ideals and individual rights. Fall of the Roman Empire = Resulted in the rise of feudalism in Europe.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theism = Belief in a personal, intervening God who participates in human affairs Deism = Belief in a non-intervening Creator who established natural laws Pantheism = Belief that God is identical to the universe and immanent in all things Atheism = Belief that there is no God or divine being</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roman Empire = Known for extensive road systems and architectural innovations Mongol Empire = Famous for rapid expansion and horse-riding nomadic culture British Empire = Notable for colonization and domination of global trade routes Ottoman Empire = Recognized for its diverse cultural and religious tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catholic Teaching = Authority derived from Church tradition and the Pope Lutheranism = Emphasizes sola scriptura as the source of authority Calvinism = Focuses on predestination and the sovereignty of God Eastern Orthodoxy = Stresses the importance of Church councils and traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sola Scriptura = The doctrine that the Bible alone is the authoritative source Intercession of Saints = Belief in seeking help from saints for earthly matters Transubstantiation = The belief in the real presence of Christ in communion Predestination = The idea that God has preordained the fate of every soul</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lutheranism = Martin Luther Calvinism = John Calvin Anglicanism = Henry VIII Methodism = John Wesley</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deism = Thomas Jefferson Theism = Christianity Pantheism = Certain Hindu beliefs Agnosticism = Uncertainty regarding the existence of God</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to a church door John Calvin = Established a theocracy in Geneva Henry VIII = Created the Church of England for personal reasons Huldrych Zwingli = Led reforms in Zurich</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Roman Empire = Southern Europe and parts of North Africa Mongol Empire = Central Asia and China British Empire = India and North America Ottoman Empire = Southeast Europe and the Middle East</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absolute Monarchy = Rule by a single monarch with total control Theocracy = Governance by religious leaders or systems Oliveocracy = Governance by a few wealthy individuals Republic = System where representatives are elected by the populace</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lutherans = Salvation by faith alone and the priesthood of all believers Calvinists = Emphasis on predestination and God's sovereignty Anabaptists = Advocacy for adult baptism and separation of church and state Dissidents = Opposition to established Catholic doctrine and practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clergy Authority = Teach and interpret the Bible, administer sacraments Salvation = Achieved through faith and good works Veneration of Mary = Seen as the Mother of God and an intercessor Role of Saints = Holy individuals who can intercede on behalf of believers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct Bible Access = Laity can interpret the Bible without clergy Sola Fide = Salvation achieved by faith alone, not works Rejection of Saints = No need for intermediaries in prayer Vernacular Prayers = Prayers directed to God in native languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Censored Books = Efforts by authorities to control religious thoughts Huacas = Sacred objects or places in Andean culture Prayers Intercession = Prayers often directed through saints or Mary Idolatry = The veneration of saints seen as a form of idol worship</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lutheran Reforms = Belief in the authority of the Bible and faith alone Calvinist Reforms = Focus on simplicity in worship and predestination Anabaptist Reforms = Emphasis on communal living and adult baptism Dissident Movements = Activities aimed at reforming or separating from the Church</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protestant Reformation = Movement challenging Catholic doctrines and practices Counter-Reformation = Catholic response to Protestant reforms Indulgences = Practices rejected by Protestants as unnecessary for salvation Sola Scriptura = Belief in the Bible as the sole authority in faith</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Martin Luther = Initiated the Protestant Reformation with 95 Theses John Calvin = Founded Calvinism and emphasized predestination Zwingli = Introduced reformation ideas in Switzerland Anabaptist Leaders = Evangelized for adult baptism and communal living</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catholic Belief = Mary as an important intercessor Protestant Belief = Direct relationship between the believer and God Veneration = Practice of honoring Mary and the saints Idolatry Concern = Protestant rejection of saint veneration as idolatry</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catholic Prayers = Often directed through saints or Mary Protestant Worship = Focus on direct prayers to God in vernacular Confession = Sacrament for Catholics to confess sins Communion = Rituals practiced differently in both traditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relics = Physical remains of saints implanted in worship Huacas = Incan sacred sites believed to hold spiritual power Idols = Items perceived as false gods, rejected in both reforms Saints = Figures revered for their holy lives in Catholicism</p> Signup and view all the answers