Proteins and Amino Acids in Plant-based Diet

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Questions and Answers

What are essential amino acids missing from incomplete proteins called?

  • Complete amino acids
  • Limiting amino acids (correct)
  • Secondary amino acids
  • Primary amino acids

Which of the following plant sources of protein are mentioned in the text as being complete?

  • Potatoes and carrots
  • Tofu and quinoa (correct)
  • Spinach and kale
  • Broccoli and cauliflower

What is the term used to describe the concept of complementing proteins from plant sources to ensure all essential amino acids are consumed?

  • Protein blending
  • Protein fusion
  • Complementing proteins (correct)
  • Protein linkage

What does the body draw on to make protein?

<p>Amino acid pool (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the diet lacks a non-essential amino acid, what can the liver do according to the text?

<p>Convert it from another amino acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the situation where protein synthesis stops due to the lack of an essential amino acid?

<p>Limiting amino acid depletion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of protein synthesis, what does DNA hold the instructions for?

<p>The sequence of amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can compromise protein synthesis according to the text?

<p>Limiting amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the limitation of using randomized control trials to study human vegetarian diets and health?

<p>They are not applicable to study human vegetarian diets and health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between vegetarian and vegan diets and several important health outcomes?

<p>There is an association, but not causal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nutritional benefit of a plant-based diet?

<p>Nutritionally adequate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception to plant products that is a good source of vitamin B12?

<p>Nutritional yeast (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fortified foods and supplements in a vegetarian diet?

<p>To make up for nutritional inadequacies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are proteins made up of?

<p>Long, folded amino acid chains (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nutrients is a vegetarian diet often lower in?

<p>Iron and zinc (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to search out plant foods that are higher in certain nutrients?

<p>To prevent nutritional deficiencies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diets were included in the systematic review conducted by Chai et al. (2019)?

<p>Vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What health element do oral branched chain amino acids decrease according to Fernando et al. (1995)?

<p>Whole-body proteolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main theme did Fox and Ward (2008) explore in their qualitative study?

<p>Vegetarian motivations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of diets did Dinu et al. (2017) review in their meta-analysis?

<p>Vegetarian and vegan diets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Friedman and Brandon (2001), what are the nutritional and health benefits associated with soy proteins?

<p>Numerous nutritional and health benefits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Craig (2010) focus on in the article 'Nutrition Concerns and Health Effects of Vegetarian Diets'?

<p>Health effects of vegetarian diets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the study by Fouré and Bendahan (2017), what nutritional strategy did they investigate to alleviate skeletal muscle damage?

<p>Branched-Chain Amino Acids supplementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the study by Fernando et al. (1995) on oral branched chain amino acids?

<p>Decrease in whole-body proteolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of the DIAAS method over the PDCAAS method?

<p>It measures amino acid digestibility in the ileum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the PER method currently used in Canada considered inadequate for assessing protein quality?

<p>It relies on animal studies that do not correlate with human growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the protein efficiency ratio (PER) measure?

<p>Weight gain in animals consuming protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do countries like Canada consider changing from the PER method to methods like DIAAS?

<p>To align with international standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is recommended until a sufficient database of DIAAS values is established?

<p>PDCAAS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the PER method used in Canada in a laboratory setting?

<p>To calculate the weight gain in animals consuming protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the DIAAS method considered better at evaluating the protein quality of mixed meals?

<p>It estimates amino acid absorption in the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main drawback of using rats for determining protein quality assessments?

<p>Rat growth does not strongly correlate with human growth. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the study by Glenn et al. (2019)?

<p>The impact of vegetarian dietary patterns on cardiovascular outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which journal published the article by Halton and Hu in 2004?

<p>Journal of the American College of Nutrition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main topic of the article by Harper, Miller, and Block (1984)?

<p>Branched-chain amino acid metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which food type was shown to promote greater lean mass accretion after resistance exercise according to Hartman et al. (2007)?

<p>Fat-free fluid milk (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of diets did Government of Canada, C.F.I.A. consider in their reference material?

<p>Nutrition facts table elements (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the study by Glenn et al. (2019) on vegetarian dietary patterns?

<p>Positive impact on cardiovascular outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the focus of the critical review by Halton and Hu (2004)?

<p>High protein diets and their effects on weight loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was indicated as promoting greater muscle growth in novice weightlifters by Hartman et al. (2007)?

<p>Fat-free fluid milk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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