Proteins and Amino Acids in Plant-based Diet
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Questions and Answers

What are essential amino acids missing from incomplete proteins called?

  • Complete amino acids
  • Limiting amino acids (correct)
  • Secondary amino acids
  • Primary amino acids
  • Which of the following plant sources of protein are mentioned in the text as being complete?

  • Potatoes and carrots
  • Tofu and quinoa (correct)
  • Spinach and kale
  • Broccoli and cauliflower
  • What is the term used to describe the concept of complementing proteins from plant sources to ensure all essential amino acids are consumed?

  • Protein blending
  • Protein fusion
  • Complementing proteins (correct)
  • Protein linkage
  • What does the body draw on to make protein?

    <p>Amino acid pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If the diet lacks a non-essential amino acid, what can the liver do according to the text?

    <p>Convert it from another amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the situation where protein synthesis stops due to the lack of an essential amino acid?

    <p>Limiting amino acid depletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of protein synthesis, what does DNA hold the instructions for?

    <p>The sequence of amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can compromise protein synthesis according to the text?

    <p>Limiting amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limitation of using randomized control trials to study human vegetarian diets and health?

    <p>They are not applicable to study human vegetarian diets and health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between vegetarian and vegan diets and several important health outcomes?

    <p>There is an association, but not causal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nutritional benefit of a plant-based diet?

    <p>Nutritionally adequate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the exception to plant products that is a good source of vitamin B12?

    <p>Nutritional yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of fortified foods and supplements in a vegetarian diet?

    <p>To make up for nutritional inadequacies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are proteins made up of?

    <p>Long, folded amino acid chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nutrients is a vegetarian diet often lower in?

    <p>Iron and zinc</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it necessary to search out plant foods that are higher in certain nutrients?

    <p>To prevent nutritional deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diets were included in the systematic review conducted by Chai et al. (2019)?

    <p>Vegan, vegetarian, and omnivorous diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health element do oral branched chain amino acids decrease according to Fernando et al. (1995)?

    <p>Whole-body proteolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What main theme did Fox and Ward (2008) explore in their qualitative study?

    <p>Vegetarian motivations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diets did Dinu et al. (2017) review in their meta-analysis?

    <p>Vegetarian and vegan diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Friedman and Brandon (2001), what are the nutritional and health benefits associated with soy proteins?

    <p>Numerous nutritional and health benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Craig (2010) focus on in the article 'Nutrition Concerns and Health Effects of Vegetarian Diets'?

    <p>Health effects of vegetarian diets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study by Fouré and Bendahan (2017), what nutritional strategy did they investigate to alleviate skeletal muscle damage?

    <p>Branched-Chain Amino Acids supplementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the study by Fernando et al. (1995) on oral branched chain amino acids?

    <p>Decrease in whole-body proteolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of the DIAAS method over the PDCAAS method?

    <p>It measures amino acid digestibility in the ileum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the PER method currently used in Canada considered inadequate for assessing protein quality?

    <p>It relies on animal studies that do not correlate with human growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the protein efficiency ratio (PER) measure?

    <p>Weight gain in animals consuming protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do countries like Canada consider changing from the PER method to methods like DIAAS?

    <p>To align with international standards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is recommended until a sufficient database of DIAAS values is established?

    <p>PDCAAS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the PER method used in Canada in a laboratory setting?

    <p>To calculate the weight gain in animals consuming protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the DIAAS method considered better at evaluating the protein quality of mixed meals?

    <p>It estimates amino acid absorption in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main drawback of using rats for determining protein quality assessments?

    <p>Rat growth does not strongly correlate with human growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the study by Glenn et al. (2019)?

    <p>The impact of vegetarian dietary patterns on cardiovascular outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which journal published the article by Halton and Hu in 2004?

    <p>Journal of the American College of Nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main topic of the article by Harper, Miller, and Block (1984)?

    <p>Branched-chain amino acid metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which food type was shown to promote greater lean mass accretion after resistance exercise according to Hartman et al. (2007)?

    <p>Fat-free fluid milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of diets did Government of Canada, C.F.I.A. consider in their reference material?

    <p>Nutrition facts table elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the study by Glenn et al. (2019) on vegetarian dietary patterns?

    <p>Positive impact on cardiovascular outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the focus of the critical review by Halton and Hu (2004)?

    <p>High protein diets and their effects on weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was indicated as promoting greater muscle growth in novice weightlifters by Hartman et al. (2007)?

    <p>Fat-free fluid milk</p> Signup and view all the answers

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