Protein Types and Importance
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Questions and Answers

What type of protein is albumin considered to be?

  • Incomplete protein
  • High biological value protein (correct)
  • Structural protein
  • Low biological value protein

Which of the following proteins is coagulated by heat?

  • Lactalbumin
  • Gelatin
  • Serum globulin
  • Egg albumin (correct)

What is the primary source of gelatin?

  • Plant proteins boiled in water
  • Colloidal vegetable matter
  • Ground animal bones
  • Animal tissues by boiling skin (correct)

Which of the following proteins lacks one or more essential amino acids?

<p>Gelatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true for serum globulin?

<p>High biological value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of gelatin?

<p>Not easily digested (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is rich in basic amino acids and supports connective tissue?

<p>Gelatin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the change in protein structure from liquid to solid or thicker liquid?

<p>Coagulation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is found predominantly in animal tissues and is known for not being present in plants?

<p>Gelatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a basic protein rich in amino acids?

<p>Egg albumin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conjugated protein is associated with carbohydrates?

<p>Glycoproteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a simple protein?

<p>A protein that consists only of amino acids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lipoproteins in the body?

<p>Lipid transport in blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a metalloprotein?

<p>Ferritin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the C-terminal from the N-terminal in a polypeptide chain?

<p>The C-terminal contains a COOH group, while the N-terminal contains an NH2 group. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a biological function of proteins?

<p>Providing genetic information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-protein part is associated with phosphoproteins?

<p>Phosphoric acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main protein found in milk?

<p>Caseinogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein is hemoglobin classified as?

<p>Conjugated protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following example proteins is involved in iron transport?

<p>Transferrin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is primarily classified as an albuminoid?

<p>Collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes conjugated proteins in contrast to simple proteins?

<p>They require additional non-protein components for their structure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conjugated protein includes antibodies as an example?

<p>Glycoproteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the hydrolysis of a protein, what is primarily produced?

<p>Amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do glycoproteins play in the immune system?

<p>Acting as antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about immunoglobulins is false?

<p>They can function as enzymes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is categorized under conjugated proteins due to its lipid component?

<p>Chylomicrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common type of simple protein?

<p>Lipoprotein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-protein part is found in metalloproteins that is necessary for their function?

<p>Metals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A protein hormone is primarily involved in which of the following functions?

<p>Regulating physiological activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hemoproteins?

<p>Contain a heme ring structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein is defined as having no peptide bond break?

<p>Primary protein derivatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the action of hydrolyzing agents on proteins?

<p>Molecular weight decreases due to peptide bond breakage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of protein hydrolysis?

<p>Proteose (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of proteins require coenzymes such as FAD/FMN?

<p>Flavoproteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following combinations correctly describes nucleoproteins?

<p>DNA is associated with histone proteins in chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of derived protein is specifically produced by chemical denaturation of proteins?

<p>Primary protein derivatives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes flavoproteins?

<p>They are involved in enzymatic reactions requiring FAD/FMN (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the molecular weight (MW) of proteins during their hydrolysis?

<p>MW decreases as peptide bonds are broken (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common function of hemoproteins in the body?

<p>Transport of respiratory gases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Protein definition

Complex organic nitrogenous compounds formed from amino acid chains.

Protein monomer

Amino acids, linked by peptide bonds.

Protein function

Proteins have many vital roles like enzymes, hormones, and structural components.

Simple proteins

Only amino acids obtained after hydrolysis.

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Conjugated proteins

Proteins with non-protein parts (e.g., lipids, carbohydrates).

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Derived proteins

Hydrolysis products of simple or conjugated proteins.

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Peptide bond

The covalent bond that connects amino acids in a protein.

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Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins, containing C, H, O, N; sometimes S.

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Protein Structure

Polypeptide chains composed of amino acids; forming complex structures.

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Protein C-terminal end

The end of a protein containing the carboxyl (-COOH) group.

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Egg Albumin

A protein found in eggs, coagulates with heat.

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Milk proteins

Lactalbumin and lactoglobulin are proteins in milk.

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Blood Albumin

A protein in blood, that does not coagulate with heat.

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Coagulation

Change in protein structure, making it solid or thicker.

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Gelatin

Derived from collagen, forms gels when cooled, and is digestible.

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High biological value protein

Proteins containing all essential amino acids.

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Low biological value protein

Proteins lacking one or more essential amino acids.

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Essential amino acids

Amino acids the body cannot produce, must be consumed in diet.

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Biological Value of Protein

Measure of how well the body utilizes protein.

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Example of Glycoprotein

A protein with a carbohydrate attached.

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Lipoprotein function

Transport lipids (fats) in the blood.

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Caseinogen

A phosphoprotein, a major milk protein.

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Ceruloplasmin function

Copper transport protein in the blood.

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Transferrin function

Iron transport protein in the blood.

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VLDL

Very Low-Density Lipoprotein.

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Phosphoprotein

Protein with phosphate group attached

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Metalloprotein example

Protein bonded to metal (e.g. iron, copper).

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Function of Glycoprotein

Hormones, antibodies, blood groups' antigens and receptors are examples of glycoproteins.

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What is the difference between simple proteins and conjugated proteins?

Simple proteins are made only of amino acids, while conjugated proteins also include non-protein parts, such as lipids, carbohydrates, or metals.

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What are chromoproteins?

Chromoproteins are conjugated proteins that contain a pigment, which gives them color.

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Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin is a type of chromoprotein containing heme, a pigment that binds oxygen in red blood cells.

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Myoglobin

Myoglobin is a type of chromoprotein similar to hemoglobin, but found in muscle cells, where it stores oxygen for muscle contraction.

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Flavoproteins

Flavoproteins are a type of chromoprotein that contain flavin, a pigment that acts as a coenzyme in many metabolic reactions.

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Nucleoproteins

Nucleoproteins are conjugated proteins that contain nucleic acids, like DNA or RNA.

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What are the two main types of derived proteins?

Derived proteins are either primary or secondary derivatives, depending on the type of chemical change they undergo.

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Primary Protein Derivatives

Primary protein derivatives are formed by the denaturation of proteins, but the peptide bonds remain intact.

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Secondary Protein Derivatives

Secondary protein derivatives are created by the hydrolysis of proteins, breaking the peptide bonds and reducing the molecular weight.

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Study Notes

Protein Types

  • Proteins are organic complex nitrogenous compounds
  • Formed by polymers of amino acids
  • Amino acids are connected by peptide links (-CO-NH-)
  • Proteins are the most complex biological molecules
  • Formed of C, H, O, N (+/- Sulfur)
  • The ends of a polypeptide chain are:
    • COOH group: called the C-terminal end
    • NH2 group: called the N-terminal end

Biological Importance of Proteins

  • Enzymes
  • Hormones (protein hormones)
  • Plasma proteins
  • Immunoglobulins (antibodies)
  • Receptors
  • Hemoglobin
  • Lipoproteins
  • Supporting structure (cartilage, bone, skin, hair, etc.)

Classification of Proteins

  • Simple proteins: Formed only of amino acids

  • Conjugated (compound) proteins: Protein + non-protein part

  • Derived proteins: Hydrolysis products of simple or conjugated proteins

    • Primary derived proteins: Products of denaturation
      • No hydrolysis
      • No change in molecular weight
      • Examples: coagulated albumin, coagulated globulin
    • Secondary derived proteins: Products of progressive protein hydrolysis
      • Change in molecular weight
      • Examples: proteose, peptone, peptide, amino acids

High and Low Biological Value Proteins

  • High biological value proteins: Contain all essential amino acids (e.g., casein of milk, albumin, globulin)
  • Low biological value proteins: Lack one or more essential amino acids (e.g., gelatin, gliadin, vegetable proteins)

Conjugated (Compound) Proteins - Examples

  • Glycoproteins: Protein + Carbohydrates (e.g., hormones, antibodies, blood group antigens)
  • Lipoproteins: Protein + Lipid (e.g., chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL)
  • Phosphoproteins: Protein + Phosphoric acids (e.g., caseinogen)
  • Metalloproteins: Protein + Metals (e.g., ceruloplasmin, transferrin, ferritin)
  • Chromoproteins: Protein + Pigment (e.g., hemoglobin, myoglobin)
  • Nucleoproteins: Protein + Nucleic acids (e.g., chromatin, ribosome)

Gelatin

  • Obtained from collagen by boiling
  • Forms a gel by cooling
  • Easily digested
  • Not an adequate diet (low biological value, deficient in some amino acids, especially tryptophan)

References

  • Vasudevan's Textbook of Medical Biochemistry For Students, 7th Edition
  • Chatterjea's Textbook of Medical Biochemistry, 8th edition
  • Lippincott's Illustrated Biochemistry, 8th edition

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Protein Types PDF

Description

Explore the complex world of proteins, their types, and their biological significance. This quiz will cover the structure of proteins, their classifications, and their essential roles in the body. Test your knowledge on amino acids, enzymes, hormones, and more!

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