Protein Types and Functions

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Questions and Answers

Which type of protein solely provides amino acids upon hydrolysis?

Conjugated proteins

Complex proteins

Derived proteins

Simple proteins (correct)

Which of the following proteins is classified as a lipoprotein?

Keratin

Collagen

Histone

Hemoglobin (correct)

What is the primary structural feature that connects amino acids in a protein?

Hydrogen bonds

Peptide links (correct)

Ionic bonds

Disulfide bridges

Which of these proteins is a conjugated protein?

Globulin Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a biological function of proteins?

Energy storage Signup and view all the answers

What type of protein consists of only amino acids and does not include other biochemical components?

Simple proteins Signup and view all the answers

What are the terminal groups called at either end of a polypeptide chain?

N-terminal and C-terminal Signup and view all the answers

In which type of protein classification would you find keratin and collagen?

Structural proteins Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes conjugated proteins from simple proteins?

Presence of non-protein parts Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an immunoglobulin?

Antibody Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of transferrin in the body?

Iron transport Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes ferritin?

A storage form of iron Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein primarily participates in the transport of oxygen within the body?

Hemoproteins Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates primary protein derivatives from secondary protein derivatives?

Primary derivatives result from denaturation, while secondary arise from hydrolysis. Signup and view all the answers

What does coagulated albumin represent?

A primary protein derivative Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes nucleoproteins in the context of their components?

Proteins associated with nucleic acids Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the action of hydrolyzing agents on proteins?

Peptide bonds are cleaved. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a secondary protein derivative?

Peptone Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of FAD/FMN in flavoproteins?

Hydrogen carrier Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of heat or acid on proteins?

Denaturation occurs without peptide bond breakage Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of gelatin in relation to dietary protein value?

Deficient in essential amino acids such as tryptophan Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about coagulation of proteins is correct?

Coagulation changes protein structure from liquid to solid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein is characterized as lacking one or more essential amino acids?

Gelatin Signup and view all the answers

What non-protein part is associated with glycoproteins?

Carbohydrates Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following proteins is a metalloprotein?

Ceruloplasmin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of lipoproteins in the body?

Transporting lipids in the blood Signup and view all the answers

The caseinogen is classified as which type of protein?

Phosphoprotein Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true about serum globulin?

It is solubilized in water Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes high biological value proteins from low biological value proteins?

Complete essential amino acid profile Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a function of antibodies?

Immune response Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Protein Types

Proteins are complex nitrogenous organic compounds.
They are formed from carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), and sometimes sulfur (S).
Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds (-CO-NH-).
The ends of a polypeptide chain are:
- C-terminal: COOH group at one end.
- N-terminal: NH2 group at the other end.

Biological Importance of Proteins

Enzymes: Catalyze biochemical reactions.
Hormones (protein hormones): Regulate bodily functions.
Plasma proteins: Contribute to blood functions.
Immunoglobulins (antibodies): Defend against pathogens.
Receptors: Receive and transmit signals.
Hemoglobin: Transports oxygen.
Lipoproteins: Transport lipids.
Supporting structures: (e.g., cartilage, bone, skin, hair).

Classification of Proteins

Simple proteins: Composed solely of amino acids.
- Examples: Albumin, globulin, histone, protamine, glutelin, gliadin, and albuminoids (scleroproteins). Sub-types such as keratin and collagen are examples of scleroproteins.
- Albumin is coagulated by heat. Globulin is not.
Conjugated (compound) proteins: Contain a non-protein component (prosthetic group).
- Sub-types (examples and functions):
  - Glycoproteins: Carbohydrate component
  - Lipoproteins: Lipid component
  - Phosphoproteins: Phosphoric acid component
  - Metalloproteins: Metal component (e.g., copper, iron, zinc)
  - Chromoproteins: Pigment component (e.g., hemoglobin)
  - Nucleoproteins: Nucleic acid component (e.g., ribosomes)
Derived proteins: Products of simple or conjugated protein denaturation or hydrolysis.
- Sub-types such as proteoses, peptones, peptides, and amino acids are secondary and derived proteins, denoting progressive hydrolysis. They are characterized by a loss of structural elements and hence differences in molecular weight.

Gelatin

Derived from collagen by boiling and cooling.
Easily digested.
Not a complete protein (low biological value) as it lacks some essential amino acids such as tryptophan.

Biological Value of Proteins

High biological value proteins: Contain all essential amino acids (e.g., casein in milk, albumin, globulin).
Low biological value proteins: Lack one or more essential amino acids (e.g., gelatin, gliadin, vegetable proteins).

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Description

Learn about the different types of proteins, their biological importance, and classification. This quiz explores the role of enzymes, hormones, and immunoglobulins in the body, as well as the structure of proteins. Test your knowledge on protein functions and classifications.