Protein Synthesis: Ribosome Functions and Translation Process

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What is the main function of the small subunit of a ribosome?

Binds fMet-tRNA in the P site

Binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (correct)

Binds to the 5' cap of mRNA

Has peptidyl transferase activity

Which of the following is true about the large subunit of a ribosome?

Scans the mRNA for the first AUG codon

Contains the E, P, and A tRNA binding sites (correct)

It binds to the mRNA cap structure

It carries formylated methionine (fMet)

During the termination phase of translation, what binds to the stop codons?

Normal tRNAs

fMet-tRNA

Release factors (correct)

Initiator tRNA

What is the function of fMet in translation initiation in bacteria?

Forming a complex with small ribosomal subunit Signup and view all the answers

Which site on the large subunit of a ribosome is responsible for holding the growing polypeptide chain?

P site Signup and view all the answers

What does the small ribosomal subunit initially bind to during translation initiation?

Shine-Dalgarno sequence Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of the termination stage of polypeptide synthesis?

Recognition of nonsense codons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of release factors in the termination stage of polypeptide synthesis?

Halting polypeptide synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutations occur more frequently: Transition or Transversion mutations?

Transition mutations Signup and view all the answers

What are the possible forms that mutations can take?

Substitutions Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between synonymous and non-synonymous mutations?

Non-synonymous mutations don't alter amino acids Signup and view all the answers

In the cell cycle, what is the specific relationship between DNA replication and metabolism?

Metabolism influences DNA replication Signup and view all the answers

In the three levels of tRNA structure, the tertiary structure is represented by which shape?

T shape Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in translation?

Translate mRNA codons to amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which component of tRNA carries a specific amino acid and base pairs with mRNA codons?

Anticodon Signup and view all the answers

What phenomenon is described by the term 'codon wobble' in relation to tRNAs?

Recognition of multiple codons by a single tRNA Signup and view all the answers

Which component of tRNA forms the secondary structure resembling a cloverleaf shape?

Anticodon loop Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

Mediating the assembly of amino acids into proteins Signup and view all the answers

How many subunits make up a ribosome?

2 Signup and view all the answers

During the initiation phase of translation, what binds to the start codon on mRNA to signify the beginning of translation?

'Start' codon Signup and view all the answers

'A specific tRNA is covalently coupled to a specific amino acid', highlighting this statement reflects which concept?

'One tRNA, one amino acid' Signup and view all the answers

'Base pairing between mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon determines which amino acid is added to growing polypeptide.' This process primarily occurs during:

Protein Synthesis: Ribosome Functions and Translation Process

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