Protein Synthesis: Ribosome Functions and Translation Process
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the small subunit of a ribosome?

  • Binds fMet-tRNA in the P site
  • Binds to the Shine-Dalgarno sequence (correct)
  • Binds to the 5' cap of mRNA
  • Has peptidyl transferase activity

    • Which of the following is true about the large subunit of a ribosome?

  • Scans the mRNA for the first AUG codon
  • Contains the E, P, and A tRNA binding sites (correct)
  • It binds to the mRNA cap structure
  • It carries formylated methionine (fMet)

    • During the termination phase of translation, what binds to the stop codons?

  • Normal tRNAs
  • fMet-tRNA
  • Release factors (correct)
  • Initiator tRNA

    • What is the function of fMet in translation initiation in bacteria?

    <p>Forming a complex with small ribosomal subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site on the large subunit of a ribosome is responsible for holding the growing polypeptide chain?

    <p>P site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the small ribosomal subunit initially bind to during translation initiation?

    <p>Shine-Dalgarno sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of the termination stage of polypeptide synthesis?

    <p>Recognition of nonsense codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of release factors in the termination stage of polypeptide synthesis?

    <p>Halting polypeptide synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutations occur more frequently: Transition or Transversion mutations?

    <p>Transition mutations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the possible forms that mutations can take?

    <p>Substitutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between synonymous and non-synonymous mutations?

    <p>Non-synonymous mutations don't alter amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the cell cycle, what is the specific relationship between DNA replication and metabolism?

    <p>Metabolism influences DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the three levels of tRNA structure, the tertiary structure is represented by which shape?

    <p>T shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of transfer RNAs (tRNAs) in translation?

    <p>Translate mRNA codons to amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of tRNA carries a specific amino acid and base pairs with mRNA codons?

    <p>Anticodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon is described by the term 'codon wobble' in relation to tRNAs?

    <p>Recognition of multiple codons by a single tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of tRNA forms the secondary structure resembling a cloverleaf shape?

    <p>Anticodon loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ribosomes in translation?

    <p>Mediating the assembly of amino acids into proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many subunits make up a ribosome?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the initiation phase of translation, what binds to the start codon on mRNA to signify the beginning of translation?

    <p>'Start' codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'A specific tRNA is covalently coupled to a specific amino acid', highlighting this statement reflects which concept?

    <p>'One tRNA, one amino acid'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Base pairing between mRNA codon and tRNA anticodon determines which amino acid is added to growing polypeptide.' This process primarily occurs during:

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of introns in the context of translation?

    <p>Removed during RNA splicing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the acceptor stem in tRNA molecules?

    <p>Carry the amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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