RNA to Protein Translation Quiz

The process where ribosomes build proteins using mRNA's instructions.

Rules for translating mRNA's nucleotide sequence into amino acid order for proteins.

A sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA that codes for an amino acid or stop signal.

AUG, codes for methionine and starts protein synthesis.

Cellular structures that build proteins.

Carries genetic instructions from DNA to ribosomes for protein building.

Brings amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

Part of tRNA that matches to a codon in mRNA to ensure correct amino acid addition.

An enzyme that attaches the correct amino acid to its corresponding tRNA, ensuring accurate protein synthesis.

The stage of translation where amino acids are added one by one to the growing polypeptide chain as the ribosome moves along the mRNA.

A non-coding region within a gene that is removed from the mRNA before translation.

The first step of translation where the ribosome binds to the mRNA and the first tRNA with methionine attaches at the start codon.

The site on the ribosome that holds the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain.

The site on the ribosome where the empty tRNA exits after releasing its amino acid.

The anticodon on tRNA ensures the correct amino acid is brought to the ribosome by matching to the codon on mRNA.

The start of protein synthesis, involving the small ribosomal subunit binding to mRNA, initiator tRNA, and the large ribosomal subunit.

The process of adding amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain based on the mRNA sequence.

One of the three binding sites on the ribosome where incoming tRNA carrying an amino acid initially binds.

Multiple ribosomes translating the same mRNA molecule simultaneously.

Multiple codons can code for the same amino acid, providing some protection against mutations.

The direction in which codons are read during protein synthesis, from the 5' end to the 3' end.

A chemical link that connects amino acids together in a polypeptide chain. It forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

A chain of multiple amino acids connected by peptide bonds, forming a longer structure. It often folds into a complex 3D shape to become a functional protein.

The genetic code allows multiple codons to code for the same amino acid. This acts as a safeguard against mutations that may change the DNA sequence but still result in the same amino acid.

A protein that recognizes stop codons on mRNA during translation. It detaches the newly made polypeptide chain from the ribosome, ending protein synthesis.

The movement of the ribosome along the mRNA during translation. It involves shifting tRNAs from one binding site to another as new amino acids are added.