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Questions and Answers
Where does transcription take place in a cell?
Which enzyme is responsible for creating messenger RNA during transcription?
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
Where does translation occur within a cell?
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What macromolecule is involved in the process of gene expression alongside DNA?
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Study Notes
Genes
- Basic unit of inheritance, carried on chromosomes
- Sections of DNA that code for proteins, containing the genetic code in the base sequence of DNA
RNA
- A nucleic acid, similar to DNA, made up of repeating nucleotide units
- Plays a crucial role in gene expression, the process by which genetic information is used to synthesize a protein
Gene Expression
- A two-stage process: transcription and translation
- Follows the central dogma: DNA (replicated) → RNA (transcription) → protein (translation) → trait
Transcription
- The first stage of gene expression, taking place in the nucleus
- Involves the enzyme RNA polymerase, which creates messenger RNA (mRNA)
- Enzyme re-writes the DNA into a RNA transcript (mRNA) using a single template strand of DNA
- The newly synthesized mRNA strand is complementary to the template strand
- mRNA carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes, where protein is made
Translation
- Takes place at the ribosomes, located in the cytoplasm
- The mRNA attaches to a ribosome, where the genetic code is translated into a polypeptide
- The end product is a polypeptide, a long chain of amino acids
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of protein synthesis and genes, including the basic unit of inheritance, DNA sections that code for proteins, the role of RNA as a nucleic acid, and the process of gene expression in synthesizing proteins.
