Genes and DNA: Structure, Replication, and Protein Synthesis

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What is the term for a single gene affecting multiple traits?

Polygenic inheritance
Epistasis
Codominance
Pleiotropy (correct)

In the context of sickle cell anemia, what genotype results in slight anemia and normal red blood cells?

aaa
Aa (correct)
AA
aa

Why is there a high frequency distribution of the sickle cell allele?

Due to heterozygote advantage against malaria (correct)
Due to genetic mutation
Due to genetic drift
Due to a founder effect

Which evolutionary concept states that natural selection favors the heterozygous genotype?

Heterozygote advantage (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the maintenance of both alleles in a population due to the heterozygous individuals having the highest fitness?

Balanced polymorphism (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does sickle cell anemia illustrate biocultural evolution?

By highlighting the interaction between culture and environment in human evolution (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA?

To govern growth, development, and body maintenance (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the introns in DNA?

They help to regulate gene expression (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between DNA and RNA?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the complementary base pairing in the DNA molecule?

Both (a) and (b) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the enzyme polymerase in DNA replication?

To synthesize new DNA strands (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the semiconservative model of DNA replication?

It ensures that each new DNA molecule contains one original and one newly synthesized strand (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of DNA according to the text?

To code for proteins (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genes and DNA according to the text?

Genes are like a recipe guiding a multi-step process (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up the DNA molecule according to the text?

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the structural arrangement of the DNA molecule according to the text?

Two antiparallel chains of nucleotides forming a double helix (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason to study genetics in this class?

Both A and B (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about DNA and genes is correct?

All of the above statements are correct. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of mutations in the context of evolution?

Mutations can be either harmful or beneficial, depending on the specific change and its effects. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of mutations is described in the given text?

All of the above types of mutations are described in the text. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of spontaneous mutations, according to the text?

Random mistakes or errors that occur by chance (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about gene regulation is correct, based on the given text?

Remnants of old genetic sequences preserved during evolution are sources of gene regulation. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of tRNA molecules in the process of protein synthesis?

tRNA molecules carry amino acids that correspond to the mRNA message. (D) Signup and view all the answers