Podcast
Questions and Answers
How does a silent mutation impact the protein produced from a gene?
How does a silent mutation impact the protein produced from a gene?
- It introduces a premature stop codon, truncating the protein.
- It shifts the reading frame, leading to a completely different amino acid sequence.
- It has no effect on the amino acid sequence of the protein. (correct)
- It alters the amino acid sequence, potentially changing protein function.
Which of the following accurately describes the role of a gene?
Which of the following accurately describes the role of a gene?
- A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or set of proteins. (correct)
- A molecule that carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation.
- A structural component of ribosomes essential for protein synthesis.
- A type of enzyme that catalyzes DNA replication.
During protein synthesis, what is the role of the anticodon?
During protein synthesis, what is the role of the anticodon?
- To initiate DNA replication by binding to the origin of replication.
- To complementarily pair with the mRNA codon, ensuring the correct amino acid is added. (correct)
- To carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.
- To bind to the promoter region on DNA, initiating transcription.
How does a frameshift mutation typically alter a protein sequence?
How does a frameshift mutation typically alter a protein sequence?
What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
What is the primary function of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?
Which outcome is most likely to result from a missense mutation?
Which outcome is most likely to result from a missense mutation?
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in protein synthesis?
How might a nonsense mutation affect protein synthesis?
How might a nonsense mutation affect protein synthesis?
Which of these describes the process of transcription?
Which of these describes the process of transcription?
Which is the correct order of events in gene expression?
Which is the correct order of events in gene expression?
Flashcards
Silent Mutation
Silent Mutation
A change in DNA that does not alter the amino acid sequence.
Protein
Protein
A large, complex molecule made of amino acids; essential for cell structure, function, and regulation.
Gene
Gene
A specific segment of DNA coding for a particular protein or set of proteins.
Anticodon
Anticodon
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Nucleotide
Nucleotide
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Ribosome
Ribosome
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Frameshift Mutation
Frameshift Mutation
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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Missense Mutation
Missense Mutation
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Enzyme
Enzyme
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Study Notes
- A silent mutation in DNA does not change the amino acid sequence, therefore having no effect on the protein.
- Proteins are large, complex molecules made of amino acids; they are essential for cell structure, function, and regulation.
- A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein or set of proteins.
- An anticodon is the three-base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to an mRNA codon.
- A nucleotide is the building block of DNA consisting of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
- The ribosome is the cellular machinery where translation (protein synthesis) occurs.
- A frameshift mutation involves insertion or deletion of bases, which shifts the reading frame and alters all subsequent codons.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers the correct amino acid to the ribosome by matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon.
- A missense mutation is a change in one DNA base pair that results in the substitution of one amino acid for another in the protein
- An enzyme is a type of protein that speeds up (catalyzes) chemical reactions in cells.
- Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary material in most living organisms. It contains instructions for protein production.
- The four DNA bases are: Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C). A pairs with T, and C pairs with G.
- A nonsense mutation changes a codon into a stop codon, which can truncate the protein.
- A point mutation is where one base is substituted for another (e.g., A instead of G).
- Transcription is the process in which an mRNA copy of a gene (DNA) is made in the nucleus.
- A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence which may or may not affect protein structure/function.
- The double helix is the shape of DNA, resembling a twisted ladder with sugar-phosphate backbones and base pairs as rungs.
- A codon is a sequence of three mRNA bases that code for one amino acid.
- Translation is the process of reading the mRNA code to build a chain of amino acids (protein) at the ribosome.
- An amino acid is the building block of proteins; there are 20 types commonly found in living organisms.
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the DNA code to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
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