Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Plasma membrane
  • Cell (correct)

Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex than prokaryotes?

  • Animal cells
  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Specialized cells
  • Human cells

Where is the genetic material located in a cell?

  • Ribosome
  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria

What is the function of tissues in multicellular organisms?

<p>Specialized functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds all types of cells and separates them from their environment?

<p>Plasma membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

<p>Participates in protein synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for degrading different types of molecules inside the cell?

<p>Lysosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain energy for the cells?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

<p>Lipid synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins manufactured and modified before being directed to their final destination?

<p>Golgi apparatus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of peroxisomes?

<p>Contain oxidative enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Transport control and direction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains enzymes responsible for degrading different types of molecules?

<p>Lysosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the nucleus?

<p>Contains genetic information (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do proteins that participate in protein synthesis remain and become part of the organelle?

<p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maintains a suitable pH for the operation of enzymes inside the lysosome?

<p>Lysosome membrane proton pumps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structure of cilia?

<p>Central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the basal body located?

<p>At the base of the cilium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the centrosome?

<p>Pair of centrioles + Pericentriolar Material (PCM) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle necessary for cell division?

<p>Two pairs of centrioles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell component serves to move substances from the medium?

<p>Cilia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the main piece of the tail of the sperm located?

<p>Surrounded by 9 dense fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is found at the base of the flagellum?

<p>Basal body (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell component is responsible for providing energy for movement in the sperm?

<p>(Mitochondria) Mitochondrion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a cell goes into division?

<p>(Centrioles) Centriole duplicate, each forming a new (daughter) centriole perpendicular to the older (mother) centriole. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is found at right angles to each other in animal cells?

<p>Centrioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

<p>Maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating interactions with other cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is the most abundant in the cell membrane?

<p>Phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

<p>Limiting the ability of movement and providing fluidity to the bilayer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of protein completely crosses the cell membrane?

<p>Integral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fluid mosaic model refer to in the context of the cell membrane?

<p>The stable external structure of the cell composed of proteins and phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Synthesizing proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can ribosomes be located within a cell?

<p>Isolated in the cytosol or associated with membranes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are polysomes or polyribosomes?

<p>Groups of ribosomes that associate with membranes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that suggests mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells?

<p>Endosymbiotic theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in the cell?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?

<p>Nucleoplasm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex that forms DNA with proteins (mainly histones) for storage?

<p>Chromatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, what structure is formed when two chromatids join at a point called the centromere?

<p>Chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of non-muscular cells, cell movements, and stabilization of cell junctions?

<p>Microfilaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are cellular membrane protrusions that have dense bundles of cross-linked actin filaments called?

<p>Microvilli (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton has an intermediate diameter between microfilaments and microtubules and supports the three-dimensional structure of the cell?

<p>Intermediate filaments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are microtubules organized from in the cell?

<p>Centrosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that suggests mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells and began to live in a symbiotic relationship?

<p>'Symbiotic endocytosis' theory (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are nuclear pores found, allowing communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

<p>Nuclear envelope (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides rigidity, maintains cell shape, regulates intracellular movement, and intervenes in cell division?

<p>Microfilaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the production of energy in a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Mitochondria (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins synthesized in a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Ribosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of peroxisomes in a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Detoxification (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of non-muscular cells and stabilization of cell junctions?

<p>Intermediate filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) in a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Lipid synthesis and metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are nuclear pores found in a eukaryotic cell, allowing communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

<p>Nuclear envelope (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural difference between cilia and flagella?

<p>Cilia have a central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets, while flagella have a structure of 92 + 2 microtubules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the basal body located?

<p>At the base of the cilium and is formed by 9 triplets of microtubules. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the centrosome in animal cells?

<p>Pair of centrioles (Diplosome) + Pericentriolar Material (PCM) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for duplicating a centriole from another centriole when a cell goes into division?

<p>The older (mother) centriole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are microtubules organized from in animal cells?

<p>Centrosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structure of the tail of a sperm cell?

<p>(92 + 2) microtubule structure surrounded by 9 dense fibers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides energy for movement in the flagellum of human sperm cells?

<p>Sheath of mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does duplication of a centriole take place when a cell goes into division?

<p>Perpendicular to the older (mother) centriole (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of pericentriolar material (PCM)?

<p>In the proximity of the Golgi next to the nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cell division, what structure is formed when two chromatids join at a point called the centromere?

<p>Sister chromatids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides rigidity, maintains cell shape, regulates intracellular movement, and intervenes in cell division?

<p>Microtubules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the complex that forms DNA with proteins (mainly histones) for storage?

<p>Chromatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are nuclear pores found, allowing communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

<p>Outer nuclear membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of non-muscular cells, cell movements, and stabilization of cell junctions?

<p>Intermediate filaments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can ribosomes be located within a cell?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What surrounds all types of cells and separates them from their environment?

<p>Cell membrane (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for storing the genetic material in the cell?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

<p>Protein synthesis and processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

<p>Lipid synthesis and storage of calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain energy for the cells?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of peroxisomes?

<p>Degradation of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

<p>Transport control and direction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do proteins that participate in protein synthesis remain and become part of the organelle?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for using oxygen from the air and glucose to obtain energy for the cells?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are proteins manufactured and modified before being directed to their final destination?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex than prokaryotes?

<p>Eukaryotic cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

<p>Synthesizes proteins for the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the cell membrane?

<p>Phospholipids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acids contributes to the fluidity of the cell membrane?

<p>Unsaturated fatty acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are glycolipids located in the cell membrane?

<p>In the membrane between the phospholipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane proteins completely cross the cell membrane?

<p>Transmembrane proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes associated with membranes?

<p>Protein synthesis for membrane proteins or proteins to be released outside the cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do ribosomes that appear isolated in the cytosol usually associate to synthesize proteins?

<p>With mRNA to form polyribosomes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of peroxisomes in a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Degrading different types of molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do most intrinsic proteins do?

<p>Completely cross the membrane and are also called transmembrane proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of glycolipids in the cell membrane?

<p>They have carbohydrate chains linked to two tails of fatty acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

<p>Promotes fluidity of the bilayer by limiting movement. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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