Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Nucleus
  • Cytoplasm
  • Plasma membrane
  • Cell (correct)

    • Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex than prokaryotes?

  • Animal cells
  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)
  • Specialized cells
  • Human cells

    • Where is the genetic material located in a cell?

  • Ribosome
  • Nucleus (correct)
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Mitochondria

    • What is the function of tissues in multicellular organisms?

    <p>Specialized functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds all types of cells and separates them from their environment?

    <p>Plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

    <p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

    <p>Participates in protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for degrading different types of molecules inside the cell?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain energy for the cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

    <p>Lipid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins manufactured and modified before being directed to their final destination?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peroxisomes?

    <p>Contain oxidative enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Transport control and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains enzymes responsible for degrading different types of molecules?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the nucleus?

    <p>Contains genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins that participate in protein synthesis remain and become part of the organelle?

    <p>Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What maintains a suitable pH for the operation of enzymes inside the lysosome?

    <p>Lysosome membrane proton pumps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure of cilia?

    <p>Central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the basal body located?

    <p>At the base of the cilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the centrosome?

    <p>Pair of centrioles + Pericentriolar Material (PCM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for forming the mitotic spindle necessary for cell division?

    <p>Two pairs of centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell component serves to move substances from the medium?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the main piece of the tail of the sperm located?

    <p>Surrounded by 9 dense fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found at the base of the flagellum?

    <p>Basal body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell component is responsible for providing energy for movement in the sperm?

    <p>(Mitochondria) Mitochondrion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when a cell goes into division?

    <p>(Centrioles) Centriole duplicate, each forming a new (daughter) centriole perpendicular to the older (mother) centriole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is found at right angles to each other in animal cells?

    <p>Centrioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Maintaining the integrity of the cell and regulating interactions with other cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is the most abundant in the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>Limiting the ability of movement and providing fluidity to the bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein completely crosses the cell membrane?

    <p>Integral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the fluid mosaic model refer to in the context of the cell membrane?

    <p>The stable external structure of the cell composed of proteins and phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Synthesizing proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can ribosomes be located within a cell?

    <p>Isolated in the cytosol or associated with membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polysomes or polyribosomes?

    <p>Groups of ribosomes that associate with membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that suggests mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Endosymbiotic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complex that forms DNA with proteins (mainly histones) for storage?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During cell division, what structure is formed when two chromatids join at a point called the centromere?

    <p>Chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of non-muscular cells, cell movements, and stabilization of cell junctions?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cellular membrane protrusions that have dense bundles of cross-linked actin filaments called?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cytoskeleton has an intermediate diameter between microfilaments and microtubules and supports the three-dimensional structure of the cell?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are microtubules organized from in the cell?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that suggests mitochondria were once free-living prokaryotes that were engulfed by eukaryotic cells and began to live in a symbiotic relationship?

    <p>'Symbiotic endocytosis' theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nuclear pores found, allowing communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides rigidity, maintains cell shape, regulates intracellular movement, and intervenes in cell division?

    <p>Microfilaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the production of energy in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins synthesized in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peroxisomes in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Detoxification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of non-muscular cells and stabilization of cell junctions?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Lipid synthesis and metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nuclear pores found in a eukaryotic cell, allowing communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structural difference between cilia and flagella?

    <p>Cilia have a central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets, while flagella have a structure of 92 + 2 microtubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the basal body located?

    <p>At the base of the cilium and is formed by 9 triplets of microtubules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the centrosome in animal cells?

    <p>Pair of centrioles (Diplosome) + Pericentriolar Material (PCM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for duplicating a centriole from another centriole when a cell goes into division?

    <p>The older (mother) centriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are microtubules organized from in animal cells?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure of the tail of a sperm cell?

    <p>(92 + 2) microtubule structure surrounded by 9 dense fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides energy for movement in the flagellum of human sperm cells?

    <p>Sheath of mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does duplication of a centriole take place when a cell goes into division?

    <p>Perpendicular to the older (mother) centriole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of pericentriolar material (PCM)?

    <p>In the proximity of the Golgi next to the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During cell division, what structure is formed when two chromatids join at a point called the centromere?

    <p>Sister chromatids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides rigidity, maintains cell shape, regulates intracellular movement, and intervenes in cell division?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complex that forms DNA with proteins (mainly histones) for storage?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nuclear pores found, allowing communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm?

    <p>Outer nuclear membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the cytoskeleton is responsible for maintaining the shape of non-muscular cells, cell movements, and stabilization of cell junctions?

    <p>Intermediate filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can ribosomes be located within a cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds all types of cells and separates them from their environment?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for storing the genetic material in the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

    <p>Protein synthesis and processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins synthesized in the cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

    <p>Lipid synthesis and storage of calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain energy for the cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is responsible for energy production in a cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peroxisomes?

    <p>Degradation of fatty acids and hydrogen peroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

    <p>Transport control and direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do proteins that participate in protein synthesis remain and become part of the organelle?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for using oxygen from the air and glucose to obtain energy for the cells?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are proteins manufactured and modified before being directed to their final destination?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex than prokaryotes?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Synthesizes proteins for the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acids contributes to the fluidity of the cell membrane?

    <p>Unsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are glycolipids located in the cell membrane?

    <p>In the membrane between the phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane proteins completely cross the cell membrane?

    <p>Transmembrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomes associated with membranes?

    <p>Protein synthesis for membrane proteins or proteins to be released outside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do ribosomes that appear isolated in the cytosol usually associate to synthesize proteins?

    <p>With mRNA to form polyribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of peroxisomes in a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Degrading different types of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do most intrinsic proteins do?

    <p>Completely cross the membrane and are also called transmembrane proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of glycolipids in the cell membrane?

    <p>They have carbohydrate chains linked to two tails of fatty acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>Promotes fluidity of the bilayer by limiting movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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