Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Multicellular organisms
  • Unicellular organisms
  • The cell (correct)
  • Eukaryotic cells

    • Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex than prokaryotes?

  • Multicellular organisms
  • Human cells
  • Uni-cellular organisms
  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)

    • What do cells resembling each other, or serving the same purpose, form when grouped together?

  • Organs
  • Systems
  • Tissues (correct)
  • Granules

    • What is contained inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

    <p>Genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is surrounded by a plasma membrane and contains cytoplasm, organelles, and the nucleus?

    <p>The cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains the differentiated nucleus with a more complex DNA in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centrosome in animal cells?

    <p>Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the location of the basal body in cilia?

    <p>At the base of the cilium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main structure of cilia formed by?

    <p>Central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the sperm cell is the flagellum mainly found?

    <p>Tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of flagella in human cells?

    <p>To move substances from the medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms the centrosome in animal cells?

    <p>Pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material (PCM)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pericentriolar material (PCM) in animal cells?

    <p>Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a pair of centrioles form in animal cells?

    <p>Mitotic spindle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of microtubule structure does a cilium have?

    <p>Central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What provides energy for movement in flagella?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cell membrane?

    <p>Maintaining the integrity of the cell and controlling the movement of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of lipid is the most abundant in the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

    <p>Limiting movement between unsaturated tails, providing fluidity to the bilayer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of integral proteins in the cell membrane?

    <p>Transporting molecules across the membrane or forming channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fluid mosaic model in reference to the cell membrane?

    <p>The stable external structure formed by proteins and phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

    <p>Protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can ribosomes be found in a cell?

    <p>Isolated in the cytosol or associated with membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are polysomes or polysomes composed of?

    <p>Groups of ribosomes associated through a chain of mRNA for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of glycolipids in terms of their structure?

    <p>Two tails of fatty acids linked to a carbohydrate head located in between phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fatty acid is usually present in phospholipid molecules?

    <p>A mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of having unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid molecules?

    <p>They contribute to a more fluid membrane structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the theory that says mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Endosymbiotic theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?

    <p>Nucleoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure called where the microtubules of the mitotic spindle bind during cell division?

    <p>Kinetochore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the system responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell, cell movements, and intracellular transport?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What protein forms microfilaments in non-muscular cells?

    <p>Actin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell to have more contact with the environment?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure provides rigidity and maintains the shape of the cell?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are centrioles located and organized from?

    <p>Centrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed by DNA and proteins (mainly histones) for storage?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure called where two chromatids join to form a chromosome?

    <p>Centromere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bundles do non-muscular cells' microfilaments form?

    <p>Contractile bundles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain energy for the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the enzymes of the Krebs cycle located?

    <p>In the mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains oxidative enzymes and intervenes in the degradation of fatty acids?

    <p>Peroxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for maintaining a suitable pH for the operation of lysosomal enzymes?

    <p>Proton pumps in the lysosome membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does protein synthesis occur in a cell?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is formed by a series of stacked cisterns and is responsible for processing and packaging proteins?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Lipid synthesis and calcium storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes associated with the membrane that give it a rough appearance?

    <p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

    <p>Degradation of macromolecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of peroxisomes in a cell?

    <p>Degradation of fatty acids and toxic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

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