Protein Synthesis and Endomembrane System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?

  • Multicellular organisms
  • Unicellular organisms
  • The cell (correct)
  • Eukaryotic cells

Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex than prokaryotes?

  • Multicellular organisms
  • Human cells
  • Uni-cellular organisms
  • Eukaryotic cells (correct)

What do cells resembling each other, or serving the same purpose, form when grouped together?

  • Organs
  • Systems
  • Tissues (correct)
  • Granules

What is contained inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

<p>Genetic material (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is surrounded by a plasma membrane and contains cytoplasm, organelles, and the nucleus?

<p>The cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains the differentiated nucleus with a more complex DNA in eukaryotic cells?

<p>Nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the centrosome in animal cells?

<p>Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the location of the basal body in cilia?

<p>At the base of the cilium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structure of cilia formed by?

<p>Central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the sperm cell is the flagellum mainly found?

<p>Tail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of flagella in human cells?

<p>To move substances from the medium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What forms the centrosome in animal cells?

<p>Pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material (PCM) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of pericentriolar material (PCM) in animal cells?

<p>Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pair of centrioles form in animal cells?

<p>Mitotic spindle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of microtubule structure does a cilium have?

<p>Central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides energy for movement in flagella?

<p>Mitochondria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the cell membrane?

<p>Maintaining the integrity of the cell and controlling the movement of substances (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lipid is the most abundant in the cell membrane?

<p>Phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

<p>Limiting movement between unsaturated tails, providing fluidity to the bilayer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of integral proteins in the cell membrane?

<p>Transporting molecules across the membrane or forming channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fluid mosaic model in reference to the cell membrane?

<p>The stable external structure formed by proteins and phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?

<p>Protein synthesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where can ribosomes be found in a cell?

<p>Isolated in the cytosol or associated with membranes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are polysomes or polysomes composed of?

<p>Groups of ribosomes associated through a chain of mRNA for protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of glycolipids in terms of their structure?

<p>Two tails of fatty acids linked to a carbohydrate head located in between phospholipids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fatty acid is usually present in phospholipid molecules?

<p>A mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of having unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid molecules?

<p>They contribute to a more fluid membrane structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the theory that says mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells?

<p>Endosymbiotic theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in the cell?

<p>Nucleus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?

<p>Nucleoplasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure called where the microtubules of the mitotic spindle bind during cell division?

<p>Kinetochore (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the system responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell, cell movements, and intracellular transport?

<p>Cytoskeleton (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What protein forms microfilaments in non-muscular cells?

<p>Actin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell to have more contact with the environment?

<p>Microvilli (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure provides rigidity and maintains the shape of the cell?

<p>Microtubules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are centrioles located and organized from?

<p>Centrosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed by DNA and proteins (mainly histones) for storage?

<p>Chromatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure called where two chromatids join to form a chromosome?

<p>Centromere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bundles do non-muscular cells' microfilaments form?

<p>Contractile bundles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain energy for the cell?

<p>Mitochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the enzymes of the Krebs cycle located?

<p>In the mitochondrial matrix (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains oxidative enzymes and intervenes in the degradation of fatty acids?

<p>Peroxisome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for maintaining a suitable pH for the operation of lysosomal enzymes?

<p>Proton pumps in the lysosome membrane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does protein synthesis occur in a cell?

<p>Endoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is formed by a series of stacked cisterns and is responsible for processing and packaging proteins?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>Lipid synthesis and calcium storage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are ribosomes associated with the membrane that give it a rough appearance?

<p>Rough endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?

<p>Degradation of macromolecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of peroxisomes in a cell?

<p>Degradation of fatty acids and toxic agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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