49 Questions
What is the functional and morphological unit of living organisms?
The cell
Which type of cells are much more evolved and complex than prokaryotes?
Eukaryotic cells
What do cells resembling each other, or serving the same purpose, form when grouped together?
Tissues
What is contained inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
Genetic material
What is surrounded by a plasma membrane and contains cytoplasm, organelles, and the nucleus?
The cell
Which organelle contains the differentiated nucleus with a more complex DNA in eukaryotic cells?
Nucleus
What is the function of the centrosome in animal cells?
Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization
Where is the location of the basal body in cilia?
At the base of the cilium
What is the main structure of cilia formed by?
Central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets
In which part of the sperm cell is the flagellum mainly found?
Tail
What is the role of flagella in human cells?
To move substances from the medium
What forms the centrosome in animal cells?
Pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material (PCM)
What is the function of pericentriolar material (PCM) in animal cells?
Microtubule polymerization and depolymerization
What does a pair of centrioles form in animal cells?
Mitotic spindle
What type of microtubule structure does a cilium have?
Central pair of microtubules surrounded by 9 doublets.
What provides energy for movement in flagella?
Mitochondria
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
Maintaining the integrity of the cell and controlling the movement of substances
Which type of lipid is the most abundant in the cell membrane?
Phospholipids
What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?
Limiting movement between unsaturated tails, providing fluidity to the bilayer
What is the function of integral proteins in the cell membrane?
Transporting molecules across the membrane or forming channels
What is the fluid mosaic model in reference to the cell membrane?
The stable external structure formed by proteins and phospholipids
What is the main function of ribosomes in a cell?
Protein synthesis
Where can ribosomes be found in a cell?
Isolated in the cytosol or associated with membranes
What are polysomes or polysomes composed of?
Groups of ribosomes associated through a chain of mRNA for protein synthesis
What is the composition of glycolipids in terms of their structure?
Two tails of fatty acids linked to a carbohydrate head located in between phospholipids
What type of fatty acid is usually present in phospholipid molecules?
A mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
What is the significance of having unsaturated fatty acids in phospholipid molecules?
They contribute to a more fluid membrane structure
What is the theory that says mitochondria were prokaryotes that began to live in symbiosis with eukaryotic cells?
Endosymbiotic theory
Which organelle is responsible for storing the genetic material in the cell?
Nucleus
What is the liquid part of the material that fills the nucleus called?
Nucleoplasm
What is the structure called where the microtubules of the mitotic spindle bind during cell division?
Kinetochore
What is the system responsible for maintaining the shape of the cell, cell movements, and intracellular transport?
Cytoskeleton
What protein forms microfilaments in non-muscular cells?
Actin
Which cellular structure increases the surface area of the cell to have more contact with the environment?
Microvilli
What structure provides rigidity and maintains the shape of the cell?
Microtubules
Where are centrioles located and organized from?
Centrosome
What is formed by DNA and proteins (mainly histones) for storage?
Chromatin
What is the structure called where two chromatids join to form a chromosome?
Centromere
What type of bundles do non-muscular cells' microfilaments form?
Contractile bundles
Which organelle is responsible for using oxygen and glucose to obtain energy for the cell?
Mitochondria
Where are the enzymes of the Krebs cycle located?
In the mitochondrial matrix
Which organelle contains oxidative enzymes and intervenes in the degradation of fatty acids?
Peroxisome
What is responsible for maintaining a suitable pH for the operation of lysosomal enzymes?
Proton pumps in the lysosome membrane
Where does protein synthesis occur in a cell?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle is formed by a series of stacked cisterns and is responsible for processing and packaging proteins?
Golgi apparatus
What is the main function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Lipid synthesis and calcium storage
Where are ribosomes associated with the membrane that give it a rough appearance?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
Degradation of macromolecules
What is the role of peroxisomes in a cell?
Degradation of fatty acids and toxic agents
Test your knowledge of protein synthesis and the endomembrane system in the cell with this quiz. Explore topics such as the origin of proteins, the function of ribosomes, and the components of the endomembrane system.
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