Protein Synthesis and Antibiotics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the final step in peptidoglycan synthesis blocked by penicillins?

  • Formation of the peptide bond
  • Formation of the N-acetylglucosamine-N-acetylmuramic acid complex
  • Cross-linking of the PEP side chain (correct)
  • Attachment of teichoic acids

    • Which antibiotic is not inactivated by penicillinase and is pregnancy safe?

  • Erythromycin
  • Amoxicillin
  • Cephalexin
  • Dicloxacillin (correct)

    • Which medication may have reduced activity while on oral antibiotics due to increased liver p450 enzyme induction?

  • Kefir
  • Oral contraceptives (correct)
  • Sauerkraut
  • Yogurt

    • What effect do antimicrobials have on warfarin?

    <p>Increased liver p450 enzyme induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse reaction of tetracycline?

    <p>Vestibular toxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is doxycycline indicated to be taken with food?

    <p>For chlamydia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for tetracycline use?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic may be replaced by erythromycin for neonatal prophylaxis?

    <p>Chloramphenicol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of clavulanate in combination with penicillin?

    <p>To protect penicillin from inactivation by B-lactamase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cephalosporin is classified as a first-generation cephalosporin?

    <p>Cephalexin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with the use of vancomycin?

    <p>Anaphylaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of bacitracin in ophthalmology?

    <p>Treatment of blepharitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic binds to the 30S subunit, interfering with protein synthesis and allowing misreading of mRNA?

    <p>Neomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is specifically useful against Pseudomonas and is used in combination with dexamethasone (TobraDex)?

    <p>Tobramycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is ineffective against Streptococcus and has adverse effects including corneal and conjunctival toxicity?

    <p>Gentamicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is not available in ophthalmic form, is used in traumatic endophthalmitis and bacterial keratitis, and is administered via injection?

    <p>Amikacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is indicated for chlamydia, acne rosacea, meibomianitis, and ocular surface inflammatory disease?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the specific formulation that must be taken on an empty stomach for the treatment of rosacea?

    <p>ORACEA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic may cause vestibular toxicity and decreased cerebrospinal fluid absorption?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group is tetracycline not indicated due to the theoretical risk of permanent bone and teeth discoloration?

    <p>Children under 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used for neonatal prophylaxis and can replace tetracycline?

    <p>Erythromycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is NOT significantly affected by food intake and can be taken with or without food?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic may cause adverse reactions such as epigastric distress, photosensitivity/toxic reactions, changes in tooth development, and blood dyscrasias?

    <p>Minocycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic form contains 30mg immediate release and 10mg delayed release, and never reaches therapeutic level?

    <p>Doxycycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do oral contraceptives have on antimicrobials?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is specifically indicated for prophylaxis of anterior segment infection, conjunctivitis, corneal ulcer, and blepharitis?

    <p>Bacitracin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of clavulanate in combination with penicillin?

    <p>Inactivate penicillinase enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is indicated for hordeolum, preseptal cellulitis, dacryocystitis, and dacryoadenitis?

    <p>Penicillins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of penicillins?

    <p>Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is not inactivated by penicillinase and is considered pregnancy safe?

    <p>Dicloxacillin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse drug reaction (ADR) associated with the use of penicillins?

    <p>Hypersensitivity response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is ineffective against Streptococcus and has adverse effects including corneal and conjunctival toxicity?

    <p>Gentamicin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is bactericidal, binds to 30S subunit, and interferes with protein synthesis, allowing misreading of mRNA causing mutation and premature chain termination?

    <p>Neomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is useful for Pseudomonas and is similar to gentamicin except it's more sensitive to some resistant pseudomonas strains and P.aeruginosa?

    <p>Tobramycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is specifically useful against Pseudomonas, not available in ophthalmic form, and administered via injection?

    <p>Amikacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is classified as a bacteriostatic, effective against gram + and -, as well as chlamydia?

    <p>Tetracycline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is contraindicated in pregnancy and associated with drug sensitization (contact dermatitis)?

    <p>Neomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used in traumatic endophthalmitis and bacterial keratitis but not available in ophthalmic form?

    <p>Amikacin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of neomycin in ophthalmology?

    <p>Treatment of pseudomonas infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of cephalosporins?

    <p>Interference with cell wall synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is classified as a first-generation cephalosporin, available in injection form, and considered pregnancy safe?

    <p>Cefazolin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of clavulanate when used in combination with penicillin?

    <p>Protects penicillin from inactivation by B-lactamase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic has bactericidal activity, primarily targets gram-positive bacteria, and is administered as an ointment?

    <p>Bacitracin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic has adverse effects including vasculitis, nephrotoxicity, and ototoxicity?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse reaction associated with the use of polymyxin B?

    <p>Neurotoxicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is weak in antimicrobial activity and considered pregnancy safe?

    <p>Clavulanate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibiotic is used for MRSA, bacterial keratitis, and ruptured globe, and exhibits bactericidal activity against gram-positive bacteria?

    <p>Vancomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antibiotic Overview

    • Penicillins block the final step in peptidoglycan synthesis.
    • Piperacillin is not inactivated by penicillinase and is pregnancy safe.

    Antibiotic Interactions

    • Carbamazepine may have reduced activity while on oral antibiotics due to increased liver p450 enzyme induction.
    • Antibiotics can increase the effects of warfarin.

    Tetracycline

    • Possible adverse reaction: photophobia, gastrointestinal disturbances.
    • Contraindication: children under 8 years old due to risk of permanent bone and teeth discoloration.
    • Must be taken on an empty stomach for rosacea treatment.
    • Can cause vestibular toxicity and decreased cerebrospinal fluid absorption.

    Doxycycline

    • Indicated for chlamydia, acne rosacea, meibomianitis, and ocular surface inflammatory disease.
    • Can be taken with or without food.

    Bacitracin

    • Primary use in ophthalmology: treating conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and blepharitis.

    Clavulanate

    • Function: inhibits beta-lactamase, allowing penicillin to work effectively.

    Cephalosporins

    • Classified as first-generation: cephalexin.
    • Mechanism of action: inhibiting cell wall formation.

    Aminoglycosides

    • Gentamicin is effective against Pseudomonas and is used in combination with dexamethasone (TobraDex).
    • Neomycin is used in traumatic endophthalmitis and bacterial keratitis, administered via injection.

    Macrolides

    • Erythromycin is used for neonatal prophylaxis and can replace tetracycline.
    • Binds to the 30S subunit, interfering with protein synthesis and allowing misreading of mRNA.

    Fluoroquinolones

    • Ciprofloxacin is effective against Pseudomonas and is used in combination with dexamethasone (TobraDex).

    Polymyxin B

    • Used in ophthalmology to treat conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and blepharitis.
    • Adverse reaction: nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity.

    Vancomycin

    • Adverse reaction: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
    • Used in traumatic endophthalmitis and bacterial keratitis, administered via injection.

    Others

    • Oral contraceptives can decrease the effectiveness of antimicrobials.
    • Penicillins can cause allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis.
    • Antibiotics can increase the effects of warfarin.

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    PHARM II Lecture 3 Outline PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on protein synthesis and antibiotics with this quiz. Learn about aminoglycosides like neomycin, gentamicin, and tobramycin, their bactericidal properties, effectiveness against certain bacteria, and adverse drug reactions.

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