Antibiotics Quiz: Protein Synthesis Inhibition

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis = Prevents the formation of bacterial cell walls Inhibition of Protein Synthesis = Interferes with the production of bacterial proteins Alteration of Cell Membranes = Changes the structure and function of bacterial cell membranes Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis = Interferes with the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA and RNA

Bactericidal = Antibiotics that directly kill bacteria Bacteriostatic = Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell division Narrow-spectrum = Antibiotics effective mainly against a specific group of bacteria Broad spectrum = Antibiotics effective against a wide range of bacteria

Broad spectrum = Effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Narrow spectrum = Effective mainly against either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria Limited spectrum = Effective against a single organism or disease Spectrum of action = The range of bacteria or microorganisms affected by a certain antibiotic

<p>Bactericidal = Kill bacteria directly Bacteriostatic = Prevent cell division Selective toxicity = Kills harmful microbes without damaging the host Antimetabolite Activity = Inhibits the synthesis of essential metabolites in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetracycline = Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site on the ribosome Neomycin = Acts directly on the bacterial ribosome to inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis and to interfere with the fidelity of translation of the genetic message Bacitracin = Cell wall synthesis inhibitors against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall, important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetracycline = Systemically used potent bactericidal antibiotic active against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria Neomycin = Topical application, effective against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Bacitracin = Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site on the ribosome Vancomycin = Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall, important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetracycline = Absorbed well orally Neomycin = Isolated from Streptomyces, had better activity than streptomycin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli but could not safely be used systemically Bacitracin = Cell wall synthesis inhibitors against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Glycopeptide antibiotic prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetracycline = Particularly active against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria and acts synergistically against certain gram-positive organisms Neomycin = Isolated from Streptomyces, had better activity than streptomycin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli but could not safely be used systemically Bacitracin = Topical application, effective against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural penicillins = Narrow spectrum - penicillinase (lactamase) sensitive Ampicillin = Extended spectrum - effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Methicillin = Narrow spectrum - resistant to penicillinase (lactamase) Amoxicillin-clavulanate = Broad spectrum - effective against a wide range of bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pneumococci = Susceptible Escherichia coli = Resistant Staphylococci = Susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa = Resistant</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpeptidase = Involved in cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall synthesis Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) = Targeted by penicillins to disrupt cell wall biosynthesis Lactamase = Enzyme that inactivates penicillins by breaking down the beta-lactam ring structure Peptidoglycan transpeptidase = Catalyzes the cross-linking of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytolysis = Cell lysis due to osmotic pressure after inhibition of cell wall synthesis Osmotic pressure = Builds up inside the bacterial cell leading to lysis when cell wall synthesis is inhibited Gram-positive organisms = Reliant on peptidoglycan layer for cell wall structural integrity Penicillin action = Causes the rise of pressure inside bacterial cells leading to lysis and destruction</p> Signup and view all the answers