12 Questions
Match the following mechanisms of antimicrobial action with their descriptions:
Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis = Prevents the formation of bacterial cell walls Inhibition of Protein Synthesis = Interferes with the production of bacterial proteins Alteration of Cell Membranes = Changes the structure and function of bacterial cell membranes Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis = Interferes with the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA and RNA
Match the following terms related to antibiotics with their definitions:
Bactericidal = Antibiotics that directly kill bacteria Bacteriostatic = Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell division Narrow-spectrum = Antibiotics effective mainly against a specific group of bacteria Broad spectrum = Antibiotics effective against a wide range of bacteria
Match the following terms related to antibiotic spectrum with their meanings:
Broad spectrum = Effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Narrow spectrum = Effective mainly against either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria Limited spectrum = Effective against a single organism or disease Spectrum of action = The range of bacteria or microorganisms affected by a certain antibiotic
Match the following terms related to antibiotics with their actions:
Bactericidal = Kill bacteria directly Bacteriostatic = Prevent cell division Selective toxicity = Kills harmful microbes without damaging the host Antimetabolite Activity = Inhibits the synthesis of essential metabolites in bacteria
Match the antibiotic with its mechanism of action:
Tetracycline = Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site on the ribosome Neomycin = Acts directly on the bacterial ribosome to inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis and to interfere with the fidelity of translation of the genetic message Bacitracin = Cell wall synthesis inhibitors against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall, important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus
Match the antibiotic with its primary usage:
Tetracycline = Systemically used potent bactericidal antibiotic active against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria Neomycin = Topical application, effective against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Bacitracin = Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site on the ribosome Vancomycin = Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall, important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus
Match the antibiotic with its absorption method:
Tetracycline = Absorbed well orally Neomycin = Isolated from Streptomyces, had better activity than streptomycin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli but could not safely be used systemically Bacitracin = Cell wall synthesis inhibitors against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Glycopeptide antibiotic prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall
Match the antibiotic with its target bacteria:
Tetracycline = Particularly active against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria and acts synergistically against certain gram-positive organisms Neomycin = Isolated from Streptomyces, had better activity than streptomycin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli but could not safely be used systemically Bacitracin = Topical application, effective against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus
Match the following antibiotics with their classification based on spectrum of activity:
Natural penicillins = Narrow spectrum - penicillinase (lactamase) sensitive Ampicillin = Extended spectrum - effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Methicillin = Narrow spectrum - resistant to penicillinase (lactamase) Amoxicillin-clavulanate = Broad spectrum - effective against a wide range of bacteria
Match the following bacteria with their susceptibility to natural penicillins:
Pneumococci = Susceptible Escherichia coli = Resistant Staphylococci = Susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa = Resistant
Match the following enzymes with their role in bacterial cell wall synthesis:
Transpeptidase = Involved in cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall synthesis Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) = Targeted by penicillins to disrupt cell wall biosynthesis Lactamase = Enzyme that inactivates penicillins by breaking down the beta-lactam ring structure Peptidoglycan transpeptidase = Catalyzes the cross-linking of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall
Match the following terms with their association to bacterial cell lysis:
Cytolysis = Cell lysis due to osmotic pressure after inhibition of cell wall synthesis Osmotic pressure = Builds up inside the bacterial cell leading to lysis when cell wall synthesis is inhibited Gram-positive organisms = Reliant on peptidoglycan layer for cell wall structural integrity Penicillin action = Causes the rise of pressure inside bacterial cells leading to lysis and destruction
Study Notes
Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action
- Inhibition of cell wall synthesis: prevents bacterial cells from forming rigid peptidoglycan layers, ultimately leading to cell lysis
- Inhibition of protein synthesis: targets bacterial ribosomes, preventing the production of essential proteins
- Inhibition of DNA replication: interferes with DNA synthesis, preventing bacterial growth and replication
- Disruption of cell membrane function: alters the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, leading to leakage of essential cellular contents
Antibiotic Terms and Definitions
- Bacteriostatic: inhibits bacterial growth and replication, but does not kill the bacteria
- Bactericidal: kills bacteria directly
- Broad-spectrum: effective against a wide range of bacterial species
- Narrow-spectrum: effective against a specific type of bacteria
- Antibiotic resistance: ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of antibiotics
Antibiotic Spectrum and Action
- Monobactams: inhibit cell wall synthesis, effective against Gram-negative bacteria
- Carbapenems: inhibit cell wall synthesis, effective against a broad range of bacteria, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive
- Aminoglycosides: inhibit protein synthesis, effective against Gram-negative bacteria
- Macrolides: inhibit protein synthesis, effective against Gram-positive bacteria
Antibiotic Properties and Usage
- Penicillins: β-lactam antibiotics, effective against Gram-positive bacteria, used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and meningitis
- Cephalosporins: β-lactam antibiotics, effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections
- Tetracyclines: inhibit protein synthesis, effective against a broad range of bacteria, used to treat bacterial infections such as acne and Lyme disease
- Oral antibiotics: absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections
- Topical antibiotics: applied directly to the skin, used to treat bacterial infections such as acne and skin infections
Antibiotic Classification and Bacterial Susceptibility
- Natural penicillins: effective against Gram-positive bacteria, susceptible to penicillinase
- Semi-synthetic penicillins: resistant to penicillinase, effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- Staphylococci: susceptible to natural penicillins, but may produce penicillinase
- Streptococci: susceptible to natural penicillins
Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis and Lysis
- Peptidoglycan: a key component of bacterial cell walls, providing structural integrity and rigidity
- Transpeptidases: enzymes involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycan, targeted by β-lactam antibiotics
- Autolysins: enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall degradation, leading to cell lysis
- Lysozyme: an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls, contributing to cell lysis
Test your knowledge of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis and their mechanisms of action. This quiz covers the properties and uses of tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and other bactericidal antibiotics.
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