Antibiotics Quiz: Protein Synthesis Inhibition

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Questions and Answers

Match the following mechanisms of antimicrobial action with their descriptions:

Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis = Prevents the formation of bacterial cell walls Inhibition of Protein Synthesis = Interferes with the production of bacterial proteins Alteration of Cell Membranes = Changes the structure and function of bacterial cell membranes Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis = Interferes with the replication and transcription of bacterial DNA and RNA

Match the following terms related to antibiotics with their definitions:

Bactericidal = Antibiotics that directly kill bacteria Bacteriostatic = Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell division Narrow-spectrum = Antibiotics effective mainly against a specific group of bacteria Broad spectrum = Antibiotics effective against a wide range of bacteria

Match the following terms related to antibiotic spectrum with their meanings:

Broad spectrum = Effective against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Narrow spectrum = Effective mainly against either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria Limited spectrum = Effective against a single organism or disease Spectrum of action = The range of bacteria or microorganisms affected by a certain antibiotic

Match the following terms related to antibiotics with their actions:

Bactericidal = Kill bacteria directly Bacteriostatic = Prevent cell division Selective toxicity = Kills harmful microbes without damaging the host Antimetabolite Activity = Inhibits the synthesis of essential metabolites in bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Match the antibiotic with its mechanism of action:

Tetracycline = Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site on the ribosome Neomycin = Acts directly on the bacterial ribosome to inhibit the initiation of protein synthesis and to interfere with the fidelity of translation of the genetic message Bacitracin = Cell wall synthesis inhibitors against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall, important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus Signup and view all the answers

Match the antibiotic with its primary usage:

Tetracycline = Systemically used potent bactericidal antibiotic active against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria Neomycin = Topical application, effective against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Bacitracin = Inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the binding of aminoacyl tRNA to the A site on the ribosome Vancomycin = Prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall, important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus Signup and view all the answers

Match the antibiotic with its absorption method:

Tetracycline = Absorbed well orally Neomycin = Isolated from Streptomyces, had better activity than streptomycin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli but could not safely be used systemically Bacitracin = Cell wall synthesis inhibitors against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Glycopeptide antibiotic prevents cross-linking of peptidoglycan cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Match the antibiotic with its target bacteria:

Tetracycline = Particularly active against aerobic, gram-negative bacteria and acts synergistically against certain gram-positive organisms Neomycin = Isolated from Streptomyces, had better activity than streptomycin against aerobic gram-negative bacilli but could not safely be used systemically Bacitracin = Topical application, effective against gram-positives, normally in bacterium Vancomycin = Important 'last line' against antibiotic-resistant S. aureus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following antibiotics with their classification based on spectrum of activity:

Natural penicillins = Narrow spectrum - penicillinase (lactamase) sensitive Ampicillin = Extended spectrum - effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria Methicillin = Narrow spectrum - resistant to penicillinase (lactamase) Amoxicillin-clavulanate = Broad spectrum - effective against a wide range of bacteria Signup and view all the answers

Match the following bacteria with their susceptibility to natural penicillins:

Pneumococci = Susceptible Escherichia coli = Resistant Staphylococci = Susceptible Pseudomonas aeruginosa = Resistant Signup and view all the answers

Match the following enzymes with their role in bacterial cell wall synthesis:

Transpeptidase = Involved in cross-linking of peptidoglycan in cell wall synthesis Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) = Targeted by penicillins to disrupt cell wall biosynthesis Lactamase = Enzyme that inactivates penicillins by breaking down the beta-lactam ring structure Peptidoglycan transpeptidase = Catalyzes the cross-linking of peptidoglycan in bacterial cell wall Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their association to bacterial cell lysis:

Cytolysis = Cell lysis due to osmotic pressure after inhibition of cell wall synthesis Osmotic pressure = Builds up inside the bacterial cell leading to lysis when cell wall synthesis is inhibited Gram-positive organisms = Reliant on peptidoglycan layer for cell wall structural integrity Penicillin action = Causes the rise of pressure inside bacterial cells leading to lysis and destruction Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Action

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis: prevents bacterial cells from forming rigid peptidoglycan layers, ultimately leading to cell lysis
Inhibition of protein synthesis: targets bacterial ribosomes, preventing the production of essential proteins
Inhibition of DNA replication: interferes with DNA synthesis, preventing bacterial growth and replication
Disruption of cell membrane function: alters the permeability of bacterial cell membranes, leading to leakage of essential cellular contents

Antibiotic Terms and Definitions

Bacteriostatic: inhibits bacterial growth and replication, but does not kill the bacteria
Bactericidal: kills bacteria directly
Broad-spectrum: effective against a wide range of bacterial species
Narrow-spectrum: effective against a specific type of bacteria
Antibiotic resistance: ability of bacteria to withstand the effects of antibiotics

Antibiotic Spectrum and Action

Monobactams: inhibit cell wall synthesis, effective against Gram-negative bacteria
Carbapenems: inhibit cell wall synthesis, effective against a broad range of bacteria, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive
Aminoglycosides: inhibit protein synthesis, effective against Gram-negative bacteria
Macrolides: inhibit protein synthesis, effective against Gram-positive bacteria

Antibiotic Properties and Usage

Penicillins: β-lactam antibiotics, effective against Gram-positive bacteria, used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and meningitis
Cephalosporins: β-lactam antibiotics, effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections
Tetracyclines: inhibit protein synthesis, effective against a broad range of bacteria, used to treat bacterial infections such as acne and Lyme disease
Oral antibiotics: absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract, used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia and urinary tract infections
Topical antibiotics: applied directly to the skin, used to treat bacterial infections such as acne and skin infections

Antibiotic Classification and Bacterial Susceptibility

Natural penicillins: effective against Gram-positive bacteria, susceptible to penicillinase
Semi-synthetic penicillins: resistant to penicillinase, effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
Staphylococci: susceptible to natural penicillins, but may produce penicillinase
Streptococci: susceptible to natural penicillins

Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis and Lysis

Peptidoglycan: a key component of bacterial cell walls, providing structural integrity and rigidity
Transpeptidases: enzymes involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycan, targeted by β-lactam antibiotics
Autolysins: enzymes involved in bacterial cell wall degradation, leading to cell lysis
Lysozyme: an enzyme that breaks down bacterial cell walls, contributing to cell lysis