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Questions and Answers
Which process involves the shaping of a protein after the translation process?
What is the primary sequence of a protein?
What is required for a protein to be functional?
What is the main focus of the lecture on protein raising?
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What happens after a protein has been sent to its final destination and has done its job?
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What is the process called when proteins are directed to their final destination?
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What is the term for the folded structure of a protein?
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What is the term for a stretch of amino acids that does not make a functional protein?
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What is the process called when proteins are degraded?
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What are the two ways of making a finally formed protein with a tertiary structure?
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What is the primary structure of a protein?
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What is the secondary structure of a protein?
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What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
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What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
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How many different proteins can be made with 20 amino acids?
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How many different dipeptides can be made with 20 amino acids?
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How many different tripeptides can be made with 20 amino acids?
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How many different proteins can be made with 60 amino acids?
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What is the possible number of peptides from a chain with N amino acids?
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How many different proteins are usually found in an average human cell?
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Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein folding?
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What is the name of the protein class that helps in folding proteins?
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Which amino acid is the only one that contains a sulfur group?
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What type of bond is formed when two cysteine amino acids are connected via their sulfur groups?
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What type of bonds are formed between polar groups of the protein backbone and side chains?
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What type of bonds are formed between ionized groups in proteins?
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What type of interactions occur between polar and non-polar side chains in proteins?
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What is the role of magnesium in protein folding?
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Which level of protein structure is formed by the folding of secondary structures?
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What is the name for the structure formed by multiple protein subunits?
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Which country is mentioned in the text as being warm?
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What is the primary reason for the limited number of proteins made by our bodies?
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According to the text, what is the purpose of generating different proteins?
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What is the term used to describe the total of secondary structure elements folded specifically to a compact form?
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What is the main focus of the lecture mentioned in the text?
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What is the secondary structure of a protein?
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What allows us to accommodate to different environments, such as temperatures?
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What is the process called when proteins are directed to their final destination?
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What is the primary structure of a protein?
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What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
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Which organelle is primarily responsible for the post-translational modification of proteins?
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What is the term used to describe the addition of a sugar molecule to a protein?
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What is the process called when proteins are activated or deactivated through the addition or removal of phosphate groups?
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What is the term for the process of breaking down proteins into smaller fragments?
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What is the role of methionine in protein synthesis?
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Which post-translational modification is particularly important for signaling proteins?
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What is the name of the protein class that assists in protein folding?
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Where does glycosylation primarily take place?
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What is the term for the process of adding or removing phosphate groups from proteins?
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What is the function of post-translational modifications in proteins?
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What is the purpose of proteolysis as a post-translational modification?
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What is the role of dysulfide bridges in protein folding?
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What is the purpose of hydroxylation as a post-translational modification?
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What is the role of chaperones in protein folding?
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What happens to misfolded proteins that cannot be correctly folded?
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What is the consequence of protein misfolding and accumulation?
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What is the most well-known degenerative disease associated with protein misfolding?
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What is the role of heat shock proteins in protein folding?
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What is the consequence of protein misfolding and accumulation in the cell?
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What is the role of chaperones in the folding of misfolded proteins?
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Which disease used to be considered an old people disease but is now being diagnosed in younger individuals as well?
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What is the process of adding a sugar tree on top of a protein called?
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What is the name of the sugar mentioned in the text that is part of the glycoproteins found in the human body?
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Why is glycosylation important for protein stability?
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What is the primary focus of scientists studying Alzheimer's disease?
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What is the term used to describe the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain?
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What is the name of the disease mentioned in the text that is associated with misfolded proteins?
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What is the age range mentioned in the text where people used to start getting Alzheimer more often?
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What is the term used to describe the complex structures formed by adding sugar trees on top of proteins?
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What is the reason mentioned in the text for the earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease in our society?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of protein glycosylation?
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What is the name of the enzyme responsible for adding a phosphate group to a protein?
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What is the role of protein phosphatase?
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What happens when a protein is phosphorylated?
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Which amino acids can be used for protein phosphorylation?
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What is the process called when proteins are activated or deactivated through the addition or removal of phosphate groups?
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What is the role of protein glycosylation in the ABO blood group system?
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What can happen if there is a problem in protein glycosylation?
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What is the function of protein kinase?
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How do viruses use protein glycosylation to evade the immune system?
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Which molecule is responsible for removing sugars from the blood?
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What happens to the insulin receptor when it becomes heavily phosphorylated?
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Which proteins are activated by the insulin receptor downstream signaling cascade?
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What is the function of act in the glucose transport vesicle?
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What is a key requirement for the transport of glucose from the outside to the inside of the cell?
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How long does the process of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation usually take?
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What is the primary role of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the signaling pathway?
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What is the initial form of insulin after translation?
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What is the term for the process of adding or removing phosphate groups from proteins?
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What is the consequence of incorrect phosphorylation of proteins in the signaling pathway?
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What is the role of hydroxylation in the stability of collagen fibers?
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What is the consequence of a shortage of vitamin C in the body?
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What is the function of proteolysis in the activation of insulin?
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What is the primary role of vitamin C in the hydroxylation of proline?
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What is the consequence of a shortage of hydroxyproline in collagen fibers?
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What is the primary function of insulin in the body?
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What is the role of collagen in the human body?
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What is the consequence of protein misfolding and accumulation?
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What is the main function of chaperones in protein folding?
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What is the primary structure of a protein?
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Which organelle is primarily responsible for the post-translational modification of proteins?
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What is the consequence of protein misfolding and accumulation?
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What is the main function of chaperones in protein folding?
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What is the term for a stretch of amino acids that does not make a functional protein?
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What is the role of hydroxylation in the stability of collagen fibers?
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What is the role of protein glycosylation in the ABO blood group system?
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What is the primary role of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the signaling pathway?
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What is the function of protein kinase?
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What is the process called when proteins are directed to their final destination?
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What is the role of magnesium in protein folding?
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What is the nickname given to English sailors in the Royal Navy?
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What is the main cause of scurvy?
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What was the role of Captain James Linde in the discovery of preventing scurvy?
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What is the significance of the term 'limy'?
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What was the initial belief about scurvy in the Royal Navy?
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What was the impact of eating oranges and limes on the English sailors?
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What was the main reason for the English sailors suffering from scurvy?
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What is the significance of the term 'limey' in modern times?
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What did the English sailors discover about preventing scurvy?
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What was the diet of English sailors in the Royal Navy like?
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Which organelle is NOT mentioned as a possible destination for proteins in the cell?
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What is the primary sequence of amino acids that signals a protein to be transported to the nucleus?
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What is the term used to describe proteins that escape degradation and form aggregates in the brain?
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What is the consequence of eating misfolded prion proteins?
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Where does phospholation of proteins usually take place?
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What is the role of prion proteins in relation to Alzheimer's disease?
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What caused mad cow disease?
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What determines the destination of a protein within the cell?
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Where does protein folding usually occur?
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What is the purpose of post-translational modifications?
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What is the primary cause of scurvy among English sailors in the 18th century?
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What is the nickname given to English sailors in reference to their battle against scurvy?
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What was the role of Captain James Linde in the discovery of a cure for scurvy?
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What was the main symptom of scurvy among English sailors?
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What is the significance of the term 'limey' in reference to English sailors?
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What was the impact of consuming oranges and limes on English sailors suffering from scurvy?
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What was the primary reason for English sailors suffering from scurvy during their voyages?
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What is the correct term for the loss of collagen caused by a shortage of vitamin C?
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What was the significance of the discovery made by English sailors regarding scurvy prevention?
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What is the nickname given to British sailors in modern times?
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Which part of the mitochondria contains the tom complex?
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What is the role of the TIM complex in protein import?
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What is the function of the ton complex in protein import?
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What is the purpose of the signaling sequence in a protein?
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What happens to the signal peptide of a protein once it has reached its destination?
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Where is the matrix space of the mitochondria located?
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What is the role of HP70 in protein import?
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What is the function of the translocation channel in the mitochondria?
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What is the purpose of the import receptor in protein import?
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What is the function of the TIM complex in protein import?
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Which enzyme cleaves off the signal peptide during protein synthesis?
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Where does the protein end up after being stuffed through the translocator?
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What happens after the protein is inside the ER lumen?
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What is the role of the ribosome complex during protein synthesis?
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What is the function of the pore in the ER membrane?
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What prevents the protein from escaping after it is inside the ER lumen?
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What is the initial step in protein synthesis at the ER?
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What is the function of the translocator during protein synthesis?
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What happens to the signal peptide after it is cleaved off?
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What is the final step in protein synthesis at the ER?
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Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins within the cell?
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What is the majority of the cytosol made up of in an exocrine cell?
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What is the signal sequence that tells a ribosome to go to the endoplasmic reticulum usually the same as?
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Which organelle is primarily responsible for exporting proteins into the cytosol?
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Where does protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum occur?
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Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins themselves and exporting them?
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Which organelle is known as the 'network' responsible for synthesizing proteins within the cell?
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Which type of cell is specifically designed for exocrine function and is filled with endoplasmic reticulum?
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Where is the majority of the cytosol made up of endoplasmic reticulum?
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What is the delicate process of protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum called?
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During protein translation, what causes the translocation process to stop?
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What happens after the translocation process is stopped during protein translation?
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What is the purpose of the start domain during protein translation?
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What is the result of the alternation of start and stop codons during protein translation?
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What is the role of the stitching process during protein translation?
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What is the function of a signal peptide in protein translation?
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What is the consequence of a protein lacking a signal peptide during translation?
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What is the role of the ER in the translocation process?
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What is the primary site of protein synthesis?
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What is the role of the ribosome in protein translation?
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During protein synthesis, which molecule recognizes the signal sequence and connects to the ribosomal complex?
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What happens when the SRP connects to the ribosomal complex during protein synthesis?
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What is the role of the SRP receptor during protein synthesis?
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Where is the protein translocator located in relation to the SRP receptor?
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What happens when the connection between the SRP receptor and the SRP is loosened during protein synthesis?
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What holds the ribosomal complex on the membrane of the ER during protein synthesis?
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What is the purpose of the signal sequence in a protein?
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What happens to the signal peptide during protein synthesis?
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What is the role of the SRP receptor in protein synthesis?
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Where does the protein end up after being stuffed through the protein translocator?
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Which type of ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
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What is the role of the signal recognition particle (SRP) in the ribosome complex?
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What happens to the ribosome complex after the translation process is completed?
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What determines whether a ribosome is a free ribosome or an ER-bound ribosome?
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What is the role of the signal peptidase in the synthesis of secretory proteins?
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What is the role of the stop-transfer sequence in the synthesis of transmembrane proteins?
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What happens if a protein with a stop-transfer sequence is packed into a vesicle?
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What is the result of the translation process if the ribosome continues after the stop-transfer sequence is encountered?
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What is the main difference between secretory proteins and transmembrane proteins?
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What is the role of the translocator in the synthesis of secretory proteins and transmembrane proteins?
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Which organelles are involved in vesicular transport?
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Where can proteins be directed to via secretory vesicles?
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What is the function of the trans-Golgi network?
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What happens to early endosomes in the process of vesicular transport?
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Where can proteins be transported directly from the Golgi via vesicles?
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What is the constitutive pathway?
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What is the discussion surrounding early endosomes and late endosomes?
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What can be imported into the cell via vesicular transport?
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What is the purpose of vesicular transport in protein transport?
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What is the main focus of the video mentioned in the text?
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Which organelle is responsible for the recycling of transferrin receptors?
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What is the function of COP1 physicals in vesicular transport?
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Which proteins are primarily found on the surface of clathrin-coated vesicles?
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What is the role of the fusion process in vesicular transport?
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What is the purpose of clathrin proteins in the budding process of vesicular transport?
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What is the main function of class II physicals in vesicular transport?
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What is the purpose of the transport phase in vesicular transport?
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What is the function of COP2 physicals in vesicular transport?
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What is the purpose of the maturation process in endosomal transport?
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What is the significance of the fluidity of membranes in the budding process of vesicular transport?
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Which molecule plays a role in determining the destination of transport vesicles in a cell?
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Which type of phosphatidinosital phosphate is found in regulated exocytosis?
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Which type of phosphatidinosital phosphate is found in phagocytosis?
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Which type of phosphatidinosital phosphate is found at the start of phagocytosis?
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Which type of phosphatidinosital phosphate is found later on in phagocytosis?
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What is the name of the proteins that regulate the selective process of protein transport in a cell?
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Which molecule can be modified to create different varieties of phosphatidinosital phosphates?
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What is the composition of the vesicles that contain the cargo believed to play a role in determining their destination?
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What is the term used to describe the addition of sugar groups to phosphatidinosital phosphates?
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What is the term used to describe the modification of sugar groups on phosphatidinosital phosphates?
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What is the term used to describe the position of the phosphate group on the sugar in phosphatidinosital phosphates?
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Which proteins play an important role in the transport of vesicles between the ER and Golgi complex?
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What is the function of V-snares and T-snares in vesicle fusion?
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Where does the modification of sugars occur in the Golgi apparatus?
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What is the role of the constitutive secretory pathway?
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What is the function of coated vesicles in the regulated pathway?
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What is the function of the rep effector proteins?
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What happens to V-snares and T-snares after vesicle fusion?
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What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in protein transport?
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What is the role of rep proteins in vesicular transport?
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What is the function of the tethering proteins in vesicular transport?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?
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What is the name of the green structure used for identification of saccharoprene in the text?
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Where can literature regarding protein import in vesicle transport be found according to the text?
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What is the process called when the PI is switched and an existing PI is enzymatically changed to a new one?
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Do you need to know all the different PI's according to the text?
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What are structure proteins found in according to the text?
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What is the main purpose of proteins for muscle movement according to the text?
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What is the function of proteins in transport according to the text?
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What is the function of the Rep-Effector protein according to the text?
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Where can literature regarding protein transport inside the cell be found according to the text?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a major function of proteins in the text?
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What is the compound that is attached to a protein as a 'death signal' for degradation?
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What is the main reason for degrading proteins in the cell?
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Which organelle is responsible for protein degradation in the cell?
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What is the degradation signal that becomes apparent on a protein after it has completed its function?
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What is the consequence of not degrading misfolded proteins in the cell?
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What is the role of chaperones in protein folding?
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What is the compound that is used for oxygen transport in the body?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a protein involved in membrane transport?
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Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of proteins in the text?
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Where do amino acids come from to make proteins?
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What is the role of the proteasome in obtaining amino acids?
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Where are proteasomes located inside the cell?
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What is the function of E2 and E3 in the ubiquitin ligase complex?
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What is the significance of polyubiquitination in protein modification?
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What book is recommended to study the information in this lecture?
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What is the next case that will be discussed in the lecture?
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What is the main purpose of this lecture?
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When will the handouts of this lecture be posted?
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What is the recommended action for the audience after this lecture?
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What is the role of the ubiquitin ligase in protein degradation?
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What happens when a target protein is bound to the ubiquitin ligase?
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What is the role of E1 enzymes in the ubiquitination process?
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What is the function of the proteasome in protein degradation?
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What is the role of the active site in the proteasome?
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What happens to the ubiquitin in the proteasome?
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What is the end result of protein degradation in the proteasome?
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What is the role of chaperones in protein folding?
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What is the main function of the tom complex in the mitochondria?
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What is the role of the signal recognition particle (SRP) in protein synthesis?
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Which part of the proteasome contains the active site responsible for degrading proteins?
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What is the role of the E1 enzymes in the ubiquitination process?
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What happens to the ubiquitin added to the target protein by the ubiquitin ligase?
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What is the function of the lysine side chain in the ubiquitination process?
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What is the role of the ubiquitin ligase in the ubiquitination process?
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What is the function of the proteasome in the cell?
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What is the function of the E1 enzymes in the ubiquitination process?
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What is the consequence of a protein lacking ubiquitination?
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What is the role of the ubiquitin tree in the ubiquitination process?
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What is the function of the lysine side chain in the ubiquitination process?
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