Protein Life Cycle

Which process involves the shaping of a protein after the translation process?

What is the primary sequence of a protein?

What is required for a protein to be functional?

What is the main focus of the lecture on protein raising?

What happens after a protein has been sent to its final destination and has done its job?

What is the process called when proteins are directed to their final destination?

What is the term for the folded structure of a protein?

What is the term for a stretch of amino acids that does not make a functional protein?

What is the process called when proteins are degraded?

What are the two ways of making a finally formed protein with a tertiary structure?

What is the primary structure of a protein?

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

What is the tertiary structure of a protein?

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

How many different proteins can be made with 20 amino acids?

How many different dipeptides can be made with 20 amino acids?

How many different tripeptides can be made with 20 amino acids?

How many different proteins can be made with 60 amino acids?

What is the possible number of peptides from a chain with N amino acids?

How many different proteins are usually found in an average human cell?

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein folding?

What is the name of the protein class that helps in folding proteins?

Which amino acid is the only one that contains a sulfur group?

What type of bond is formed when two cysteine amino acids are connected via their sulfur groups?

What type of bonds are formed between polar groups of the protein backbone and side chains?

What type of bonds are formed between ionized groups in proteins?

What type of interactions occur between polar and non-polar side chains in proteins?

What is the role of magnesium in protein folding?

Which level of protein structure is formed by the folding of secondary structures?

What is the name for the structure formed by multiple protein subunits?

Which country is mentioned in the text as being warm?

What is the primary reason for the limited number of proteins made by our bodies?

According to the text, what is the purpose of generating different proteins?

What is the term used to describe the total of secondary structure elements folded specifically to a compact form?

What is the main focus of the lecture mentioned in the text?

What is the secondary structure of a protein?

What allows us to accommodate to different environments, such as temperatures?

What is the process called when proteins are directed to their final destination?

What is the primary structure of a protein?

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the post-translational modification of proteins?

What is the term used to describe the addition of a sugar molecule to a protein?

What is the process called when proteins are activated or deactivated through the addition or removal of phosphate groups?

What is the term for the process of breaking down proteins into smaller fragments?

What is the role of methionine in protein synthesis?

Which post-translational modification is particularly important for signaling proteins?

What is the name of the protein class that assists in protein folding?

Where does glycosylation primarily take place?

What is the term for the process of adding or removing phosphate groups from proteins?

What is the function of post-translational modifications in proteins?

What is the purpose of proteolysis as a post-translational modification?

What is the role of dysulfide bridges in protein folding?

What is the purpose of hydroxylation as a post-translational modification?

What is the role of chaperones in protein folding?

What happens to misfolded proteins that cannot be correctly folded?

What is the consequence of protein misfolding and accumulation?

What is the most well-known degenerative disease associated with protein misfolding?

What is the role of heat shock proteins in protein folding?

What is the consequence of protein misfolding and accumulation in the cell?

What is the role of chaperones in the folding of misfolded proteins?

Which disease used to be considered an old people disease but is now being diagnosed in younger individuals as well?

What is the process of adding a sugar tree on top of a protein called?

What is the name of the sugar mentioned in the text that is part of the glycoproteins found in the human body?

Why is glycosylation important for protein stability?

What is the primary focus of scientists studying Alzheimer's disease?

What is the term used to describe the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the brain?

What is the name of the disease mentioned in the text that is associated with misfolded proteins?

What is the age range mentioned in the text where people used to start getting Alzheimer more often?

What is the term used to describe the complex structures formed by adding sugar trees on top of proteins?

What is the reason mentioned in the text for the earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease in our society?

Which of the following is NOT a function of protein glycosylation?

What is the name of the enzyme responsible for adding a phosphate group to a protein?

What is the role of protein phosphatase?

What happens when a protein is phosphorylated?

Which amino acids can be used for protein phosphorylation?

What is the process called when proteins are activated or deactivated through the addition or removal of phosphate groups?

What is the role of protein glycosylation in the ABO blood group system?

What can happen if there is a problem in protein glycosylation?

What is the function of protein kinase?

How do viruses use protein glycosylation to evade the immune system?

Which molecule is responsible for removing sugars from the blood?

What happens to the insulin receptor when it becomes heavily phosphorylated?

Which proteins are activated by the insulin receptor downstream signaling cascade?

What is the function of act in the glucose transport vesicle?

What is a key requirement for the transport of glucose from the outside to the inside of the cell?

How long does the process of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation usually take?

What is the primary role of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the signaling pathway?

What is the initial form of insulin after translation?

What is the term for the process of adding or removing phosphate groups from proteins?

What is the consequence of incorrect phosphorylation of proteins in the signaling pathway?

What is the role of hydroxylation in the stability of collagen fibers?

What is the consequence of a shortage of vitamin C in the body?

What is the function of proteolysis in the activation of insulin?

What is the primary role of vitamin C in the hydroxylation of proline?

What is the consequence of a shortage of hydroxyproline in collagen fibers?

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

What is the role of collagen in the human body?

What is the consequence of protein misfolding and accumulation?

What is the main function of chaperones in protein folding?

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the post-translational modification of proteins?

What is the consequence of protein misfolding and accumulation?

What is the main function of chaperones in protein folding?

What is the term for a stretch of amino acids that does not make a functional protein?

What is the role of hydroxylation in the stability of collagen fibers?

What is the role of protein glycosylation in the ABO blood group system?

What is the primary role of protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in the signaling pathway?

What is the function of protein kinase?

What is the process called when proteins are directed to their final destination?

What is the role of magnesium in protein folding?

What is the nickname given to English sailors in the Royal Navy?

What is the main cause of scurvy?

What was the role of Captain James Linde in the discovery of preventing scurvy?

What is the significance of the term 'limy'?

What was the initial belief about scurvy in the Royal Navy?

What was the impact of eating oranges and limes on the English sailors?

What was the main reason for the English sailors suffering from scurvy?

What is the significance of the term 'limey' in modern times?

What did the English sailors discover about preventing scurvy?

What was the diet of English sailors in the Royal Navy like?

Which organelle is NOT mentioned as a possible destination for proteins in the cell?

What is the primary sequence of amino acids that signals a protein to be transported to the nucleus?

What is the term used to describe proteins that escape degradation and form aggregates in the brain?

What is the consequence of eating misfolded prion proteins?

Where does phospholation of proteins usually take place?

What is the role of prion proteins in relation to Alzheimer's disease?

What caused mad cow disease?

What determines the destination of a protein within the cell?

Where does protein folding usually occur?

What is the purpose of post-translational modifications?

What is the primary cause of scurvy among English sailors in the 18th century?

What is the nickname given to English sailors in reference to their battle against scurvy?

What was the role of Captain James Linde in the discovery of a cure for scurvy?

What was the main symptom of scurvy among English sailors?

What is the significance of the term 'limey' in reference to English sailors?

What was the impact of consuming oranges and limes on English sailors suffering from scurvy?

What was the primary reason for English sailors suffering from scurvy during their voyages?

What is the correct term for the loss of collagen caused by a shortage of vitamin C?

What was the significance of the discovery made by English sailors regarding scurvy prevention?

What is the nickname given to British sailors in modern times?

Which part of the mitochondria contains the tom complex?

What is the role of the TIM complex in protein import?

What is the function of the ton complex in protein import?

What is the purpose of the signaling sequence in a protein?

What happens to the signal peptide of a protein once it has reached its destination?

Where is the matrix space of the mitochondria located?

What is the role of HP70 in protein import?

What is the function of the translocation channel in the mitochondria?

What is the purpose of the import receptor in protein import?

What is the function of the TIM complex in protein import?

Which enzyme cleaves off the signal peptide during protein synthesis?

Where does the protein end up after being stuffed through the translocator?

What happens after the protein is inside the ER lumen?

What is the role of the ribosome complex during protein synthesis?

What is the function of the pore in the ER membrane?

What prevents the protein from escaping after it is inside the ER lumen?

What is the initial step in protein synthesis at the ER?

What is the function of the translocator during protein synthesis?

What happens to the signal peptide after it is cleaved off?

What is the final step in protein synthesis at the ER?

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins within the cell?

What is the majority of the cytosol made up of in an exocrine cell?

What is the signal sequence that tells a ribosome to go to the endoplasmic reticulum usually the same as?

Which organelle is primarily responsible for exporting proteins into the cytosol?

Where does protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum occur?

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins themselves and exporting them?

Which organelle is known as the 'network' responsible for synthesizing proteins within the cell?

Which type of cell is specifically designed for exocrine function and is filled with endoplasmic reticulum?

Where is the majority of the cytosol made up of endoplasmic reticulum?

What is the delicate process of protein import into the endoplasmic reticulum called?

During protein translation, what causes the translocation process to stop?

What happens after the translocation process is stopped during protein translation?

What is the purpose of the start domain during protein translation?

What is the result of the alternation of start and stop codons during protein translation?

What is the role of the stitching process during protein translation?

What is the function of a signal peptide in protein translation?

What is the consequence of a protein lacking a signal peptide during translation?

What is the role of the ER in the translocation process?

What is the primary site of protein synthesis?

What is the role of the ribosome in protein translation?

During protein synthesis, which molecule recognizes the signal sequence and connects to the ribosomal complex?

What happens when the SRP connects to the ribosomal complex during protein synthesis?

What is the role of the SRP receptor during protein synthesis?

Where is the protein translocator located in relation to the SRP receptor?

What happens when the connection between the SRP receptor and the SRP is loosened during protein synthesis?

What holds the ribosomal complex on the membrane of the ER during protein synthesis?

What is the purpose of the signal sequence in a protein?

What happens to the signal peptide during protein synthesis?

What is the role of the SRP receptor in protein synthesis?

Where does the protein end up after being stuffed through the protein translocator?

Which type of ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

What is the role of the signal recognition particle (SRP) in the ribosome complex?

What happens to the ribosome complex after the translation process is completed?

What determines whether a ribosome is a free ribosome or an ER-bound ribosome?

What is the role of the signal peptidase in the synthesis of secretory proteins?

What is the role of the stop-transfer sequence in the synthesis of transmembrane proteins?

What happens if a protein with a stop-transfer sequence is packed into a vesicle?

What is the result of the translation process if the ribosome continues after the stop-transfer sequence is encountered?

What is the main difference between secretory proteins and transmembrane proteins?

What is the role of the translocator in the synthesis of secretory proteins and transmembrane proteins?

Which organelles are involved in vesicular transport?

Where can proteins be directed to via secretory vesicles?

What is the function of the trans-Golgi network?

What happens to early endosomes in the process of vesicular transport?

Where can proteins be transported directly from the Golgi via vesicles?

What is the constitutive pathway?

What is the discussion surrounding early endosomes and late endosomes?

What can be imported into the cell via vesicular transport?

What is the purpose of vesicular transport in protein transport?

What is the main focus of the video mentioned in the text?

Which organelle is responsible for the recycling of transferrin receptors?

What is the function of COP1 physicals in vesicular transport?

Which proteins are primarily found on the surface of clathrin-coated vesicles?

What is the role of the fusion process in vesicular transport?

What is the purpose of clathrin proteins in the budding process of vesicular transport?

What is the main function of class II physicals in vesicular transport?

What is the purpose of the transport phase in vesicular transport?

What is the function of COP2 physicals in vesicular transport?

What is the purpose of the maturation process in endosomal transport?

What is the significance of the fluidity of membranes in the budding process of vesicular transport?

Which molecule plays a role in determining the destination of transport vesicles in a cell?

Which type of phosphatidinosital phosphate is found in regulated exocytosis?

Which type of phosphatidinosital phosphate is found in phagocytosis?

Which type of phosphatidinosital phosphate is found at the start of phagocytosis?

Which type of phosphatidinosital phosphate is found later on in phagocytosis?

What is the name of the proteins that regulate the selective process of protein transport in a cell?

Which molecule can be modified to create different varieties of phosphatidinosital phosphates?

What is the composition of the vesicles that contain the cargo believed to play a role in determining their destination?

What is the term used to describe the addition of sugar groups to phosphatidinosital phosphates?

What is the term used to describe the modification of sugar groups on phosphatidinosital phosphates?

What is the term used to describe the position of the phosphate group on the sugar in phosphatidinosital phosphates?

Which proteins play an important role in the transport of vesicles between the ER and Golgi complex?

What is the function of V-snares and T-snares in vesicle fusion?

Where does the modification of sugars occur in the Golgi apparatus?

What is the role of the constitutive secretory pathway?

What is the function of coated vesicles in the regulated pathway?

What is the function of the rep effector proteins?

What happens to V-snares and T-snares after vesicle fusion?

What is the significance of the Golgi apparatus in protein transport?

What is the role of rep proteins in vesicular transport?

What is the function of the tethering proteins in vesicular transport?

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins mentioned in the text?

What is the name of the green structure used for identification of saccharoprene in the text?

Where can literature regarding protein import in vesicle transport be found according to the text?

What is the process called when the PI is switched and an existing PI is enzymatically changed to a new one?

Do you need to know all the different PI's according to the text?

What are structure proteins found in according to the text?

What is the main purpose of proteins for muscle movement according to the text?

What is the function of proteins in transport according to the text?

What is the function of the Rep-Effector protein according to the text?

Where can literature regarding protein transport inside the cell be found according to the text?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a major function of proteins in the text?

What is the compound that is attached to a protein as a 'death signal' for degradation?

What is the main reason for degrading proteins in the cell?

Which organelle is responsible for protein degradation in the cell?

What is the degradation signal that becomes apparent on a protein after it has completed its function?

What is the consequence of not degrading misfolded proteins in the cell?

What is the role of chaperones in protein folding?

What is the compound that is used for oxygen transport in the body?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a protein involved in membrane transport?

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a function of proteins in the text?

Where do amino acids come from to make proteins?

What is the role of the proteasome in obtaining amino acids?

Where are proteasomes located inside the cell?

What is the function of E2 and E3 in the ubiquitin ligase complex?

What is the significance of polyubiquitination in protein modification?

What book is recommended to study the information in this lecture?

What is the next case that will be discussed in the lecture?

What is the main purpose of this lecture?

When will the handouts of this lecture be posted?

What is the recommended action for the audience after this lecture?

What is the role of the ubiquitin ligase in protein degradation?

What happens when a target protein is bound to the ubiquitin ligase?

What is the role of E1 enzymes in the ubiquitination process?

What is the function of the proteasome in protein degradation?

What is the role of the active site in the proteasome?

What happens to the ubiquitin in the proteasome?

What is the end result of protein degradation in the proteasome?

What is the role of chaperones in protein folding?

What is the main function of the tom complex in the mitochondria?

What is the role of the signal recognition particle (SRP) in protein synthesis?

Which part of the proteasome contains the active site responsible for degrading proteins?

What is the role of the E1 enzymes in the ubiquitination process?

What happens to the ubiquitin added to the target protein by the ubiquitin ligase?

What is the function of the lysine side chain in the ubiquitination process?

What is the role of the ubiquitin ligase in the ubiquitination process?

What is the function of the proteasome in the cell?

What is the function of the E1 enzymes in the ubiquitination process?

What is the consequence of a protein lacking ubiquitination?

What is the role of the ubiquitin tree in the ubiquitination process?

What is the function of the lysine side chain in the ubiquitination process?