Protein Life Cycle
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a secondary structure of a protein?

  • Alpha helix
  • Plated sheet
  • Random coil
  • All of the above (correct)

Which type of protein is most likely to have plated sheets as its secondary structure?

  • Enzymes
  • Globular proteins
  • Random coil proteins
  • Structural proteins (correct)

Which type of protein is most likely to have alpha helix as its secondary structure?

  • Random coil proteins
  • Globular proteins (correct)
  • Enzymes
  • Structural proteins

What is the purpose of folding primary structures into secondary structures?

<p>To increase the stability of the protein (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the quaternary structure of a protein?

<p>A combination of several tertiary structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is mentioned as an example of a quaternary structure?

<p>Hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of a protein?

<p>A stretch of amino acids (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different proteins can be made with 20 amino acids?

<p>10^78 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different proteins can be made from proteins that consist of 60 amino acids?

<p>10^78 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many different proteins are usually found inside an average cell in the human body?

<p>Between 500,000 and 1 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the shaping of a protein after the translation process?

<p>Protein folding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary sequence of a protein?

<p>The sequence of amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT involved in the regulation of protein synthesis?

<p>Protein degradation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of this lecture?

<p>Protein sorting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the final step in the life cycle of a protein?

<p>Protein degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is post-translational modification?

<p>The modification of a protein after translation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a protein's tertiary structure?

<p>To provide stability and functionality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the alpha helix and beta sheet in protein folding?

<p>To provide stability and functionality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the protein life cycle stages discussed in the text?

<p>Protein synthesis, protein sorting, protein degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in the protein sorting process?

<p>Protein folding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which country is mentioned as an example of a warm country in the text?

<p>Spain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, why do we make a relatively small amount of proteins?

<p>We don't need all these proteins at this moment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of generating certain proteins according to the text?

<p>To accommodate to different temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two secondary structure elements mentioned in the text?

<p>Alpha helix and beta-plated sheet (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the TATCH-HER structure?

<p>The total of secondary structure elements folded specifically to a compact form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for generating a large number of proteins?

<p>To adapt to different environments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the relationship between body accommodation and protein generation?

<p>Body accommodation allows us to generate specific proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of proteins in the process of evolution according to the text?

<p>Proteins allow us to evolve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, why do we have an enormous possibility to make a huge amount of proteins?

<p>We don't need all these proteins at this moment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of being able to generate a large number of proteins?

<p>The ability to adapt to different environments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a post-translational modification mentioned in the text?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does glycosylation primarily take place?

<p>In the endoplasmic reticulum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein modification helps newly formed proteins fold correctly?

<p>Chaperone binding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a protein modification mentioned in the text?

<p>Methylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the further modification of glycosylation take place?

<p>In the Golgi apparatus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein modification involves the addition of a phosphate group?

<p>Phosphorylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein modification involves the removal of a phosphate group?

<p>Dephosphorylation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for proteins partnering up with newly formed proteins to help them fold correctly?

<p>Chaperone binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does phosphorylation primarily take place?

<p>In the cytoplasm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does dephosphorylation primarily take place?

<p>In the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor involved in the folding of proteins?

<p>Glycosylphide bridges (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is NOT mentioned as being involved in the formation of salt bridges?

<p>Cysteine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of secondary structure involved in protein folding?

<p>Tertiary structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a post-translational modification of proteins?

<p>Protein folding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a location where protein folding can take place?

<p>Nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of molecular chaperones in protein folding?

<p>Promoting protein degradation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor that can affect protein folding?

<p>Presence of molecular chaperones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of bridge involved in protein folding?

<p>Hydrogen bridge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a role of magnesium in protein folding?

<p>Promoting protein degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a consequence of a deficiency in key elements like magnesium for protein folding?

<p>Instant sickness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a post-translational modification of proteins?

<p>Phosphorylation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of proteolysis as a post-translational modification?

<p>To activate or deactivate proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of hydroxylation as a post-translational modification?

<p>To form tertiary structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of having a problem in protein glycosylation?

<p>Congenital disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of sugar trees in the plasma membrane?

<p>To stabilize proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which virus is mentioned as an example of using glycosylation to hide its proteins?

<p>HIF virus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of chaperones in protein folding?

<p>To prevent protein aggregation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to misfolded proteins that cannot be correctly refolded?

<p>They are degraded by the proteasome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glycosylation in proteins?

<p>To increase protein stability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is protein misfolding a problem in degenerative diseases like Alzheimer's?

<p>Misfolded proteins form amyloid fibrils (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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