Protein Kinases and Phosphatases in Post-Translational Modifications
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the process by which the number of target cell receptors increases due to a deficient extracellular messenger?

  • Protein ubiquitylation
  • Signal transduction
  • GTP binding
  • Receptor up-regulation (correct)

What is the role of relay proteins in signal transduction?

  • To bind with the effector protein
  • To degrade proteins
  • To increase the concentration of second messengers
  • To convey the signal between receptor and effector protein (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a conserved component of intracellular signal transduction pathways?

  • Protein phosphatase
  • Protein kinases
  • Protein carboxylation (correct)
  • GTP binding proteins

What is the term for the process by which proteins are marked for degradation?

<p>Ubiquitylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which second messenger has a long half-life?

<p>None of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GTP binding proteins in signal transduction?

<p>To bind and hydrolyze GTP, transmitting the signal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proteins are involved in signal transduction and cellular regulation?

<p>GTPase switch proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme class promotes the inactive form of G-proteins?

<p>GAPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protein kinases in signal transduction?

<p>They catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a second messenger?

<p>cAMP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves marking proteins for degradation?

<p>Protein ubiquitylation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of receptor is indirectly linked to GTP binding proteins?

<p>G Protein-Coupled Receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important post-translational modification of proteins?

<p>Phosphorylation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of kinases mediate the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to a substrate?

<p>Serine/Threonine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of protein phosphatases?

<p>Removing a phosphate from substrates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which class of proteins is associated with G protein-coupled receptors?

<p>Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of protein phosphorylation on enzymatic activity?

<p>Enhances enzymatic activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular process involves protein ubiquitylation and degradation?

<p>Regulation of Protein Levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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