18 Questions
What is the term for the process by which the number of target cell receptors increases due to a deficient extracellular messenger?
Receptor up-regulation
What is the role of relay proteins in signal transduction?
To convey the signal between receptor and effector protein
Which of the following is NOT a conserved component of intracellular signal transduction pathways?
Protein carboxylation
What is the term for the process by which proteins are marked for degradation?
Ubiquitylation
Which second messenger has a long half-life?
None of the above
What is the role of GTP binding proteins in signal transduction?
To bind and hydrolyze GTP, transmitting the signal
Which type of proteins are involved in signal transduction and cellular regulation?
GTPase switch proteins
Which enzyme class promotes the inactive form of G-proteins?
GAPs
What is the role of protein kinases in signal transduction?
They catalyze the transfer of phosphate groups
Which of the following is an example of a second messenger?
cAMP
Which process involves marking proteins for degradation?
Protein ubiquitylation
Which type of receptor is indirectly linked to GTP binding proteins?
G Protein-Coupled Receptors
What is the most important post-translational modification of proteins?
Phosphorylation
Which type of kinases mediate the transfer of a phosphate from ATP to a substrate?
Serine/Threonine
What is the primary role of protein phosphatases?
Removing a phosphate from substrates
Which class of proteins is associated with G protein-coupled receptors?
Guanine Nucleotide Binding Proteins
What is the effect of protein phosphorylation on enzymatic activity?
Enhances enzymatic activity
Which cellular process involves protein ubiquitylation and degradation?
Regulation of Protein Levels
Explore the functions of protein kinases and phosphatases in mediating the transfer and removal of phosphate groups from substrates. Learn about the importance of phosphorylation as a post-translational modification process in cellular signaling pathways.
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