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By @accuray

Prostate Ultrasound and Pathology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the location of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

Midline deep in the pelvis

What is the function of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

Secreting fluid that nourishes and protects sperm

What is the size and shape of the prostate gland?

Pear-shaped / walnut-sized

Which structure is located superiorly to the prostate gland?

<p>Bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main organs of the female reproductive system?

<p>Uterus and ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does fertilization typically occur in the female reproductive system?

<p>Fallopian tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the clinical indications for pelvic ultrasound?

<p>Pelvic pain, masses, abnormal bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for trans-abdominal ultrasound using a curved probe?

<p>Full bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can ultrasound images provide of the uterus and ovaries?

<p>Sagittal and transverse views</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do different phases of the menstrual cycle show in terms of endometrium thickness and appearance?

<p>Distinct echogenic patterns and thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some uterine variants mentioned in the text?

<p>Anteverted, retroverted, anteflexed, retroflexed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What plays crucial roles in nurturing a developing fetus and producing egg cells and hormones?

<p>Uterus and ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does implantation leading to embryogenesis occur?

<p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration for pelvic ultrasound?

<p>Patient history</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of probe is used for trans-abdominal ultrasound?

<p>Curved probe</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the uterus consist of?

<p>Endometrium, myometrium, and serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ultrasound probe frequency range is primarily used for trans-abdominal prostate ultrasound?

<p>3.5 to 5 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three distinct zones that compose the prostate gland?

<p>Central, transitional, and peripheral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathology can lead to severe hydronephrosis and bladder diverticuli in the elderly?

<p>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common malignancy in males, predominantly affecting those aged 40 and older?

<p>Prostate carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ultrasound method is used for prostate cancer diagnosis?

<p>Trans-rectal (TR) ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common pitfall in prostate ultrasound?

<p>Gas in the rectum obscuring the prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does ultrasound play in guiding biopsy or radiotherapy treatment for prostate pathologies?

<p>Crucial diagnostic tool</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of the prostate in a trans-abdominal ultrasound?

<p>Walnut or round-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pathology can result in secondary hydronephrosis?

<p>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does prostate carcinoma predominantly affect males?

<p>40 and older</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ultrasound method is mainly used for outlet obstruction and gross tumor spread in prostate carcinoma?

<p>Trans-rectal (TR) ultrasound</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the composition of the female reproductive system located in the pelvis area?

<p>Vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of transvaginal sonography (TVS) over trans-abdominal sonography (TAS)?

<p>Higher resolution and better visualization for obesity, bowel gas, adhesions, and retroverted uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of transvaginal sonography (TVS) compared to trans-abdominal sonography (TAS)?

<p>Difficult orientation of anatomy and landmarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common uterine neoplasm?

<p>Fibroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of endometrial polyps?

<p>Hyperechoic rounded/oval shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common type of ovarian cyst?

<p>Follicular cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of a dermoid cyst?

<p>Contains a diversity of tissues including hair, teeth, bone, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important consideration for obtaining valid consent for transvaginal sonography (TVS)?

<p>Explaining the procedure and giving the patient time to absorb the information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the documentation needed for fibroids in the female pelvis?

<p>Size and position</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential effect of endometrial polyps on fertility?

<p>Can cause problems with fertility</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the defining characteristic of ovarian follicles?

<p>Normal size is 2-2.5cm, enlarged up to 5cm in functional/follicular cysts</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the appearance of a dermoid cyst on ultrasound?

<p>Complex with multiple echogenic components</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary requirement for obtaining valid consent for transvaginal sonography (TVS)?

<p>Explaining the procedure and allowing the patient to absorb the information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of transvaginal sonography (TVS) over trans-abdominal sonography (TAS)?

<p>Higher resolution and better visualization for obesity, bowel gas, and adhesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of transvaginal sonography (TVS)?

<p>Difficult orientation of anatomy and landmarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common uterine neoplasm?

<p>Fibroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of endometrial polyps?

<p>Hyperechoic rounded/oval shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ovarian follicles?

<p>Normal size of 2-2.5cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of dermoid cysts?

<p>Contain diverse tissues including hair, teeth, bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of trans-abdominal sonography (TAS) over transvaginal sonography (TVS)?

<p>Wider field of view</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of trans-abdominal sonography (TAS)?

<p>Limited FOV</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of corpus luteum?

<p>Functional ovarian cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of serous cystadenocarcinoma?

<p>Malignant ovarian mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for trans-abdominal ultrasound using a curved probe?

<p>Filling the bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of transvaginal sonography (TVS) compared to trans-abdominal sonography (TAS)?

<p>Difficult to orient anatomy and landmarks</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Prostate Ultrasound and Pathology Overview

  • Seminal vesicles are located superior and posterior to the prostate gland.
  • The prostate is composed of three distinct zones: central, transitional, and peripheral.
  • Trans-abdominal (TA) prostate ultrasound is primarily done for size assessment using a 3.5 to 5 MHz probe and requires a full bladder.
  • The appearance of the prostate in a TA ultrasound is typically walnut or round-shaped with benign calcifications and common cystic changes in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
  • BPH, common in the elderly, can lead to severe hydronephrosis and bladder diverticuli.
  • Ultrasound is useful in determining the size, post void residual volume, and any secondary hydronephrosis in BPH.
  • Prostate carcinoma is the most common malignancy in males, predominantly affecting those aged 40 and older.
  • Ultrasound is mainly used for outlet obstruction and gross tumor spread in prostate carcinoma, and the appearance of the tumor is extensively debated.
  • Pitfalls in prostate ultrasound include incorrect gain, gas in the rectum obscuring the prostate, and seminal vesicle dilatation as a normal variant.
  • Trans-rectal (TR) ultrasound is used for prostate cancer diagnosis, and the female reproductive system is also located in the pelvis area, comprising the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
  • Ultrasound is a crucial diagnostic tool for prostate pathologies, including BPH and carcinoma, and plays a role in guiding biopsy or radiotherapy treatment.
  • Understanding the anatomy and ultrasound appearances of the prostate and female reproductive system is essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in medical imaging.

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