Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the normal serum PSA level for men?
Which of the following may indicate benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) rather than prostate cancer?
What characteristic might indicate the presence of urea-splitting bacteria in urine?
Which of the following is a plausible cause of cloudy urine?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be considered when sending a patient for serial PSA testing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor does NOT affect the color of urine?
Signup and view all the answers
In what situation might digital rectal examinations be withheld when checking PSA levels?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements regarding urine appearance is true?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary position a patient should be placed in immediately after a biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
How frequently should vital signs be taken during the first hour after a biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential sign of bleeding into the muscle after a biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be monitored to assess for anemia after a biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom should a patient report to their healthcare provider after a biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be avoided for at least 2 weeks following a biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential intervention if perirenal bleeding develops post-biopsy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one reason catheterization may be performed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the significance of weighing the patient before dialysis and every 24 hours thereafter?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important for the patient to empty their bladder before the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What equipment is needed to monitor central venous pressure during peritoneal dialysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of flushing the tubing with dialysis solution prior to the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one key nursing action to emotionally prepare the patient for peritoneal dialysis?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it necessary to measure vital signs before dialysis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of anesthesia is typically used for the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What action should be taken to protect the patient from airborne contamination during the procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptom might a patient experience during a cystoscopic examination due to fluid flow?
Signup and view all the answers
What nursing intervention is essential after a cystoscopic examination?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a likely postoperative symptom a patient may experience after a cystoscopy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is specifically contraindicated for cystoscopy?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a cystometrogram assess during urodynamic testing?
Signup and view all the answers
What function does urodynamics testing primarily evaluate?
Signup and view all the answers
What precaution should be advised to a patient after a cystoscopy to relieve discomfort?
Signup and view all the answers
During urodynamics, what indicates a normal detrusor contraction on the graph?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of dialysis involves a machine for automated processes during the night?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key indication for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following correctly describes a procedure that uses a double lumen catheter?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the minimum mean arterial pressure required for adequate blood flow in CAVH?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is not a method of hemodialysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common monitoring concern for patients undergoing CRRT?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of dialysis utilizes a prolonged dwell time during the day?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of catheter is used in procedures like CAVH?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA)
- PSA is an amino acid glycoprotein measured in serum via blood test.
- Elevated PSA levels indicate prostate disease but are not exclusive to prostate cancer.
- PSA levels increase with prostate cancer growth; normal is less than 4 ng/mL.
- Levels below 10 ng/mL may suggest benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
- Patients treated for prostate cancer are monitored periodically for PSA to detect recurrence.
- No patient preparation is necessary prior to PSA testing.
- Digital rectal examinations during PSA draw may not be recommended to avoid artificially elevated levels.
- Consistency in laboratory testing is essential for serial PSA measurements.
Urinalysis
- Urinalysis examines urine for characteristics such as appearance, pH, specific gravity, and cellular content.
- Normal urine appears clear; cloudiness can indicate phosphaturia, pyuria, or other issues.
- Odour can be influenced by diet (e.g., asparagus) or bacteria; abnormal odours may indicate infections.
- Urine colour indicates concentration; normal is clear yellow or amber, while dark colours suggest dehydration.
- Cystoscopy may provoke urges to urinate; contraindicated in patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Nursing post-cystoscopy requires monitoring for urinary retention, infection, and managing patient discomfort.
Urodynamics
- Urodynamics tests assess the lower urinary tract's function regarding urine storage and emptying.
- Uroflowmetry measures urine flow rate; results displayed in real time.
- Cystometrogram records pressures in the bladder during filling/emptying; assesses bladder function.
- Catheters are inserted for accurate pressure measurements and to fill the bladder for testing.
Post-Biopsy Nursing Management
- After biopsy, patients should rest on their abdomen for 8 to 24 hours to minimize bleeding risks.
- Vital signs should be monitored closely to detect hemorrhage complications.
- Signs of bleeding include flank pain, backache, or abdominal discomfort.
- Maintain fluid intake of 3,000 mL daily unless renal insufficiency is present.
- Patients should avoid strenuous activities for at least two weeks post-biopsy and report any concerning symptoms.
Catheterization Procedures
- Catheterization can relieve urinary retention or drain urine pre- or post-surgery.
- Multiple dialysis methods are available, including peritoneal and hemodialysis, as well as continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for critically ill patients.
- CRRT indicated for conditions such as acute renal failure, heart failure, and metabolic crises, often requiring specialized care in intensive settings.
Peritoneal Dialysis Procedure Guidelines
- Equipment needed includes a dialysis administration set, solution, and sterile gloves.
- Patient emotional and physical preparedness is essential for the procedure.
- Baseline measurements for weight and vital signs are critical for tracking during dialysis.
- The patient's bladder should be emptied before the procedure to minimize risks.
General Considerations in Nursing Care
- Continuous monitoring of fluid and electrolyte balance is crucial.
- Education about the procedure and potential complications enhances patient understanding and cooperation.
- Administer prophylactic antibiotics and provide pain management as necessary post-procedures.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), an important biomarker for prostate disease. Learn about its significance in detecting conditions like prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Understand the implications of PSA test results and what they indicate about prostate health.
