CorrectedSGFC3

Gonorrhea is diagnosed using a nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) for urogenital,rectal or pharyngeal infection. Self-collected samples are acceptable. Testing should focus on specific sites (rectum, pharynx, cervix, urethra, eye or scalp wound).

Ceftriaxone 250mg IM plus Azithromycin 1g PO for one dose.

Cefixime 400 mg orally plus Azithromycin 1g PO for one dose. This is used when Cefixime works.

Gemifloxacin 320mg orally plus Azithromycin 2g PO for one dose if the patient has a Cephalosporin allergy.

People treated for Gonorrhea should be retested 3 months after treatment, regardless of partner treatment status. Schedule follow-up visit during initial treatment.

All sex partners in the last 60 days should be tested for Gonorrhea. If no partners in the last 60 days, the most recent partner should be tested.

Retesting with NAAT and AST 7-14 days after treatment to check effectiveness of Gonorrhea treatment. Not typically needed, except for special cases (treatment failure, pregnancy, antibiotic-resistant organisms.)

Untreated gonorrhea can lead to significant complications. Testing and treatment should be pursued promptly.

First-line treatment for adult chlamydia is azithromycin 1g PO single dose, or doxycycline 100mg orally twice daily for 7 days, or doxycycline 10-14 days if epididymitis or pelvic inflammatory disease. Second-line options include levofloxacin or ofloxacin. Erythromycin may be used if doxycycline is contraindicated.

Amoxicillin 500 mg PO three times a day for seven days is used to treat chlamydia in pregnancy.

Screening for chlamydia is recommended for women at risk, including those under 25, with recent new sexual partners, or multiple sexual partners. Screening during the third trimester is recommended for high-risk women.

Chlamydia often has no symptoms. If symptoms exist, they may include burning upon urination, pain during sex, lower belly pain, abnormal or smelly discharge, and bleeding between periods.

All sexual partners within the past 60 days should be tested and treated for chlamydia.

Individuals under 25, those with multiple sexual partners, or those who have a new sexual partner are at increased risk of chlamydia infection. Pregnant women in these categories will need closer monitoring and faster treatment.

Sexual abuse should be considered in any child with confirmed chlamydia after the neonatal period.

Tetracycline and quinolones are not used in pregnant women due to potential harm to the fetus/baby.

A measure of testosterone not bound to proteins in the blood, directly reflecting active testosterone levels.

The total amount of testosterone in the body that is biologically active.

A first-line treatment for PCOS management, especially oligomenorrhea (irregular periods), inhibiting ovulation through pituitary feedback.

Used to manage irregular periods (oligomenorrhea) in women with PCOS by transforming uterine lining and reducing pituitary hormones.

The first-line non-pharmaceutical intervention for PCOS, improving insulin sensitivity.

Evaluating thyroid function (TSH), prolactin, 7-hydroxyprogesterone, FSH/LH for ovarian function, and cortisol levels, as well as glucose tolerance and lipid profiles.

Essential for PCOS, including blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, and lipid/glucose tests, monitored annually or more frequently if needed.

Includes evaluating for conditions such as premature ovarian failure and Cushing syndrome.

Advising individuals planning pregnancy on optimizing health before conception, including folic acid, lifestyle habits, and medical conditions.

Discussing birth control options after childbirth to ensure timely initiation if desired.

Pregnancy-related metabolic disorder with insulin resistance, higher blood glucose levels, typically diagnosed between weeks 24-28.

Screening protocols at 24-28 weeks, including a glucose tolerance test.

Patient education on diet, exercise, and blood glucose monitoring to control blood sugar.

Caloric needs vary based on BMI, with higher needs for higher BMIs. Low carbohydrate, high fiber, complex carbohydrates.

Evaluating potential risks associated with contraceptive methods based on medical history (e.g., hypertension, breastfeeding, smoking).

Tests performed at various stages of pregnancy, based on gestational age (e.g., first-trimester screening, cell-free DNA, Group B strep).

A condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix.

An ultrasound performed using a probe inserted into the vagina to get a clearer view of the uterus and placenta.

A placenta that is located close to the cervix, but not completely covering it.

A placenta that is located at the edge of the cervix, with its edge just reaching the cervical opening.

A serious complication of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, protein in the urine, and swelling.

A procedure that involves extracting amniotic fluid from the uterus using a needle.

Typically performed between 15 and 20 weeks of gestation, during the second trimester.

Performed in the second trimester to ensure enough amniotic fluid for sampling, while minimizing risks of early pregnancy procedures.

Metformin reduces hepatic glucose production, intestinal glucose absorption, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces hyperinsulinemia and serum testosterone in PCOS, increasing pregnancy rates and improving metabolic syndrome symptoms. It's a common treatment for PCOS.

Two of three must be present in adult women for PCOS diagnosis: Hyperandrogenism (acne, hair statism, thinning/alopecia, clitoral hypertrophy, deepening voice), ovulatory dysfunction (oligoovulation/anovulation, amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea, ovarian cysts), or weight gain.

Absence of menstruation by age 16 in someone with normal sexual development.

Sudden cessation of menstruation for several months in someone with previously regular cycles.

Four phases: menses (period), follicular (estrogen rise, follicle growth), ovulatory (ovulation), and luteal (hormonal shifts).

The phase of the menstrual cycle where the uterine lining is shed if pregnancy doesn't occur. Usually lasts 3-7 days.

The phase of the menstrual cycle beginning with the period and leading to ovulation. Estrogen levels increase, and follicles in the ovaries prepare to release an egg.

Regular monitoring of hemoglobin A1c (at least every six months), complete blood count (CBC), renal function (at least annually), and vitamin B12 (every three years) is crucial for PCOS treatment, specifically with Metformin.