Prostate Screening Guidelines Overview

A strategy for monitoring prostate cancer patients with no immediate treatment. Repeat biopsies are scheduled yearly, then every 2-4 years, to track cancer progression.

Treatment for prostate cancer that reduces male hormone levels. Requires patient evaluation for cardiovascular risks.

Consist of germ cell (most common) and non-germ cell tumors.

Cryptorchidism (undescended testicle), family history, past testicular cancer history, or white ethnicity.

Often painless, involving a hard, unilateral (one-sided) testicular mass. Swelling, discomfort or pain are possible.

Typically involves surgical removal (orchiectomy), followed by chemotherapy/or radiation if the cancer has spread.

Surgery (radical orchiectomy) and radiation therapy are common initial treatment.

The storage of sperm for later use, important for men undergoing specific cancer treatments.

A hernia located below the inguinal ligament, where the femoral ring is weak.

A hernia where the protruding organs cannot be pushed back into the abdomen.

A hernia that cuts off the blood supply to the trapped organs, a surgical emergency.

A hernia that can be easily pushed back into the abdomen.

A sudden, severe pain in one testicle.

Pain in the scrotum.

The usual treatment for hernias, especially if the hernia is painful, enlarging, or causing complications.

A possible treatment for hernias with minimal symptoms and low strangulation risk; monitoring patients every 6 months.

A surgical procedure to remove the prostate gland.

Variety of therapies to restore erectile function, including lifestyle changes, medication like sildenafil (Viagra) or tadalafil (Cialis), injections (alprostadil), vacuum constriction devices or surgery.

Medication used to treat erectile dysfunction, by relaxing smooth muscles in the penis to allow blood flow.

Medication used to treat erectile dysfunction, by relaxing smooth muscles in the penis to allow blood flow, longer duration of action than sildenafil.

A sexually transmitted infection causing inflammation of mucous membranes.

A second-line erectile dysfunction treatment, involving injection of vasodilators into the penis.

A vasodilator medication used for intracavernosal injection or as a suppository to treat erectile dysfunction.

Conditions like atherosclerosis, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, stress, depression, and hormonal imbalances that can contribute to erectile dysfunction.

The part of the menstrual cycle where the egg matures.

The second part of the menstrual cycle, preparing the uterine lining for pregnancy.

The release of the egg from the ovary.

Hormone that triggers ovulation.

Diagnosis requires 2 of 3: Hyperandrogenism, Oligoovulation or Anovulation and Polycystic ovaries on ultrasound.

Breast infection, characterized by pain, redness, and fever.

Condition during pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure and protein in urine.

Physiological changes and stages of the birthing process.

An injection given to Rh-negative mothers to prevent their immune system from attacking future Rh-positive babies.

Common symptoms of a urinary tract infection include pain or burning when urinating (dysuria), frequent urination, and a strong urge to urinate.

Pregnant women are screened for gestational diabetes between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy.

Pregnancy loss within the first 13 weeks is often referred to as a miscarriage.

Beta HCG is a hormone that rises during pregnancy, and its levels can be monitored to evaluate the progression of the pregnancy.

A condition where the placenta covers the opening of the cervix, often causing vaginal bleeding.

Labor that occurs before 37 weeks of pregnancy.

Factors that increase the risk of preterm labor include poor nutrition, substance use, and inadequate spacing between pregnancies.

Managing gestational diabetes involves dietary changes, exercise, glucose monitoring, and sometimes insulin therapy. Screening is typically done at 24-28 weeks with a glucose tolerance test.

The postpartum period, where the body gradually returns to its non-pregnant state. This includes uterine involution (shrinking) and muscle tone recovery.

A type of hernia where a portion of the intestine or other abdominal contents protrudes through the inguinal canal, typically seen in men.

Epididymitis is inflammation of the epididymis, usually causing pain that worsens when lifting the testicle. Testicular torsion is a twisting of the spermatic cord, causing severe pain that usually doesn't improve with lifting.

A reflex where stroking the inner thigh causes the testicle to contract upwards. It's absent in testicular torsion.