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Prostate Disorders: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
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Prostate Disorders: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

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Questions and Answers

What is the age range where benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) commonly occurs?

  • Men over 30 years of age
  • Men over 70 years of age
  • Men over 50 years of age (correct)
  • Men over 80 years of age
  • What is the most common cause of bladder outflow obstruction in men over 70 years of age?

  • Kidney stones
  • Prostate cancer
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia (correct)
  • Bladder infection
  • What is the name of the condition where there is a sudden inability to urinate, often requiring immediate treatment?

  • Acute retention (correct)
  • Benign prostatic hyperplasia
  • Urinary tract infection
  • Chronic retention
  • What is the term for the sensation of poor bladder emptying?

    <p>Sensation of poor bladder emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range where 50% of men have histological evidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)?

    <p>Men over 60 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of small, fluid-filled pouches in the bladder wall?

    <p>Diverticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range where carcinoma of the prostate is the most common malignant tumour?

    <p>Men over 65 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the need to urinate frequently during the night?

    <p>Nocturia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of origin for skeletal metastases?

    <p>Prostate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common site of bone involvement in prostate cancer?

    <p>Cervical vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of detection for prostate cancer in asymptomatic men?

    <p>Opportunistic PSA testing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual organism responsible for acute prostatitis?

    <p>Escherichia coli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment option for advanced prostate cancer?

    <p>Hormone ablation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of metastatic disease in prostate cancer?

    <p>Bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used to predict the pathological stage of prostate cancer?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical route of infection in acute prostatitis?

    <p>Both a and b</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

    • BPH occurs in men over 50 years old, with 50% of men showing histological evidence by the age of 60.
    • Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with BPH include:
    • Voiding symptoms: hesitancy, poor flow, intermittent stream, and dribbling
    • Storage symptoms: frequency, nocturia, urgency, urge incontinence, and nocturnal incontinence
    • BPH is the most common cause of bladder outflow obstruction in men over 70 years old.

    Management of Men with BPH or Bladder Outflow Obstruction

    • Acute retention in fit men without other causes (e.g., drugs, constipation, recent operation)
    • Chronic retention and renal impairment: residual urine of 200 mL or more, raised blood urea, hydroureter, or hydronephrosis
    • Complications of bladder outflow obstruction: stone, infection, and diverticulum formation
    • Haemorrhage: venous bleeding from a ruptured vein overlying the prostate may require prostatectomy
    • Elective prostatectomy for severe symptoms: increasing difficulty in micturition, frequency, and poor stream

    Carcinoma of the Prostate

    • Carcinoma of the prostate is the most common malignant tumor in men over 65 years old
    • Screening for prostate cancer involves measurement of PSA (prostate-specific antigen)
    • Local spread: locally advanced tumors tend to grow upwards to involve the seminal vesicles, bladder neck, and trigone
    • Spread by the bloodstream: particularly to bone, with the pelvic bones and lower lumbar vertebrae being the most frequently involved sites

    Presentation and Clinical Features of Prostate Cancer

    • Men are often asymptomatic, with detection occurring through opportunistic PSA testing
    • Cancer may be detected in men describing lower urinary tract symptoms or presenting with symptoms of metastatic disease
    • Clinical features: BOO, pelvic pain, haematuria, bone pain, malaise, ‘arthritis’, anaemia, pancytopenia, and renal failure

    Treatment and Stage of Prostate Cancer

    • Treatment options depend on stage of disease, life expectancy, and patient preference
    • Prostate-specific antigen, digital rectal examination, and biopsy Gleason grade are used to predict pathological stage
    • Localized cancer can be treated by radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and active monitoring
    • Treatment of advanced disease is palliative, with hormone ablation being the first-line therapy

    Prostatitis

    • Acute prostatitis is common but underdiagnosed
    • Usual organisms responsible: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus albus, Streptococcus faecalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, or Chlamydia
    • Infection may be haematogenous from a distant focus or secondary to acute urinary infection

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    Related Documents

    Prostate[1].pdf

    Description

    This quiz covers the aetiology and characteristics of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in men over 50 years old. Learn about the effects of hormone levels and age on BPH.

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