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Questions and Answers
Which state of matter changes shape and volume when put into different containers?
Gas
What is the term for a change from a solid to a liquid?
Melting
What is the measure of the degree of agitation of particles?
Temperature
Which state of matter has molecules that vibrate in place?
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What is the term for a change from a gas to a liquid?
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What is the unit of measurement for mass?
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What is the term for a change from a solid directly to a gas?
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What is the place where a phase change occurs on a graph called?
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What is the pH of a substance that is neutral?
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How does litmus paper react to an acidic substance?
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What is the characteristic property of a substance that is unique to its melting point?
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How can you neutralize a substance with a pH of 3?
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What is the difference between a characteristic property and a non-characteristic property?
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What is the pH of a substance that is strongly basic?
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How does the reaction of litmus paper to an acidic substance differ from its reaction to a basic substance?
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What is the purpose of pH paper?
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Study Notes
Properties of Matter
- A gas changes shape and volume when put into different containers.
- A liquid changes shape but not volume when put into different containers.
- A solid does not change shape or volume when put into different containers.
- Gas has the most amount of energy, while solid has the least amount of energy.
- In a solid, molecules vibrate in place.
Phase Changes
- Melting is a phase change from a solid to a liquid.
- Boiling is a phase change from a liquid to a gas.
- Freezing is a phase change from a liquid to a solid.
- Condensation is a phase change from a gas to a liquid.
- Deposition is a phase change from a gas to a solid.
- Sublimation is a phase change from a solid to a gas.
- Vaporization (Evaporation) is a phase change from a liquid to a gas.
Matter and Measurements
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Mass is the amount of matter in a substance, measured in grams (g).
- Volume is the amount of space a substance takes up, measured in cm² and mL.
- There are three ways to calculate volume: direct measure, math method, and displacement method.
- Temperature is a measure of the degree of agitation of particles, measured in °C.
- The degree of agitation refers to how quickly particles are moving.
Acidity and Alkalinity
- Acids taste sour and sharp, react with metal, have a pH below 7, and turn litmus paper red.
- Bases taste bitter and harsh, are slippery to touch, have a pH above 7, and turn litmus paper blue.
- The pH scale is a scale from 0 to 14 that measures the acidity/alkalinity.
- A pH of 7 is neutral, a pH lower than 7 indicates acidity, and a pH greater than 7 indicates a base.
- To use pH paper, dip the paper into the substance and compare the color to the color scale to determine the numerical value for the pH.
- The more acidic a substance, the lower the pH, and the more basic a substance, the higher the pH.
- Neutralizing a substance with a pH of 3 can be done by mixing it with a base with a pH of 11.
Characteristic Properties
- Characteristic properties are unique to a substance or group of substances and help identify them.
- Examples of characteristic properties include:
- Melting/Freezing point
- Boiling/Condensing point
- Solubility
- pH
- Density
- Hardness
- Conductivity (electrical)
- Conductivity (thermal)
Non-Characteristic Properties
- Non-characteristic properties are not unique to a substance or group of substances and do not help identify them.
- Examples of non-characteristic properties include:
- Colour
- Odour
- Shape
- Volume
- Taste
- Mass
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Description
Test your knowledge of the properties of matter, including states of matter, shape, volume, and energy levels.
