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Questions and Answers
Which state of matter changes shape and volume when put into different containers?
Which state of matter changes shape and volume when put into different containers?
Gas
What is the term for a change from a solid to a liquid?
What is the term for a change from a solid to a liquid?
Melting
What is the measure of the degree of agitation of particles?
What is the measure of the degree of agitation of particles?
Temperature
Which state of matter has molecules that vibrate in place?
Which state of matter has molecules that vibrate in place?
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What is the term for a change from a gas to a liquid?
What is the term for a change from a gas to a liquid?
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What is the unit of measurement for mass?
What is the unit of measurement for mass?
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What is the term for a change from a solid directly to a gas?
What is the term for a change from a solid directly to a gas?
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What is the place where a phase change occurs on a graph called?
What is the place where a phase change occurs on a graph called?
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What is the pH of a substance that is neutral?
What is the pH of a substance that is neutral?
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How does litmus paper react to an acidic substance?
How does litmus paper react to an acidic substance?
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What is the characteristic property of a substance that is unique to its melting point?
What is the characteristic property of a substance that is unique to its melting point?
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How can you neutralize a substance with a pH of 3?
How can you neutralize a substance with a pH of 3?
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What is the difference between a characteristic property and a non-characteristic property?
What is the difference between a characteristic property and a non-characteristic property?
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What is the pH of a substance that is strongly basic?
What is the pH of a substance that is strongly basic?
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How does the reaction of litmus paper to an acidic substance differ from its reaction to a basic substance?
How does the reaction of litmus paper to an acidic substance differ from its reaction to a basic substance?
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What is the purpose of pH paper?
What is the purpose of pH paper?
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Study Notes
Properties of Matter
- A gas changes shape and volume when put into different containers.
- A liquid changes shape but not volume when put into different containers.
- A solid does not change shape or volume when put into different containers.
- Gas has the most amount of energy, while solid has the least amount of energy.
- In a solid, molecules vibrate in place.
Phase Changes
- Melting is a phase change from a solid to a liquid.
- Boiling is a phase change from a liquid to a gas.
- Freezing is a phase change from a liquid to a solid.
- Condensation is a phase change from a gas to a liquid.
- Deposition is a phase change from a gas to a solid.
- Sublimation is a phase change from a solid to a gas.
- Vaporization (Evaporation) is a phase change from a liquid to a gas.
Matter and Measurements
- Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Mass is the amount of matter in a substance, measured in grams (g).
- Volume is the amount of space a substance takes up, measured in cm² and mL.
- There are three ways to calculate volume: direct measure, math method, and displacement method.
- Temperature is a measure of the degree of agitation of particles, measured in °C.
- The degree of agitation refers to how quickly particles are moving.
Acidity and Alkalinity
- Acids taste sour and sharp, react with metal, have a pH below 7, and turn litmus paper red.
- Bases taste bitter and harsh, are slippery to touch, have a pH above 7, and turn litmus paper blue.
- The pH scale is a scale from 0 to 14 that measures the acidity/alkalinity.
- A pH of 7 is neutral, a pH lower than 7 indicates acidity, and a pH greater than 7 indicates a base.
- To use pH paper, dip the paper into the substance and compare the color to the color scale to determine the numerical value for the pH.
- The more acidic a substance, the lower the pH, and the more basic a substance, the higher the pH.
- Neutralizing a substance with a pH of 3 can be done by mixing it with a base with a pH of 11.
Characteristic Properties
- Characteristic properties are unique to a substance or group of substances and help identify them.
- Examples of characteristic properties include:
- Melting/Freezing point
- Boiling/Condensing point
- Solubility
- pH
- Density
- Hardness
- Conductivity (electrical)
- Conductivity (thermal)
Non-Characteristic Properties
- Non-characteristic properties are not unique to a substance or group of substances and do not help identify them.
- Examples of non-characteristic properties include:
- Colour
- Odour
- Shape
- Volume
- Taste
- Mass
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Description
Test your knowledge of the properties of matter, including states of matter, shape, volume, and energy levels.
