Properties of Hyaline Articular Cartilage Quiz

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What is the main type of collagen found in fibrocartilage?

Type 3 collagen

Type 1 collagen (correct)

Type 2 collagen

Type 4 collagen

Which type of joint has hyaline articular cartilage with type 2 collagen and aggregated proteoglycans?

SYN arthroses

AMPHI arthroses (correct)

DI arthroses

None of the above

What is the main characteristic of diarthrodial joints?

They are found only in the axial skeleton

They have fibrocartilage as the main component

They have poor reparative capacity (correct)

They are immobile joints

Which component of joints does not regenerate once worn out?

Hyaline articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

In which type of joint is the cartilage comprised of thin interlocking fibrous tissue?

SYN arthroses Signup and view all the answers

What type of mobility is characteristic of AMPHI arthroses?

Minimal mobility Signup and view all the answers

Which joint has fibrocartilage composed mainly of type 1 collagen?

Symphysis pubis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of articular cartilage?

To act as a shock absorber in joints Signup and view all the answers

What confers deformability and the ability to distribute load in a reversible sponge-like fashion to hyaline articular cartilage?

Proteoglycans with negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) Signup and view all the answers

What gives hyaline articular cartilage its strength and structure?

Type 2 collagen Signup and view all the answers

Where are the chondroitin sulfate (CS) rich region and keratan sulfate (KS) rich region located on the proteoglycan (PG) core protein?

CS at the superior aspect and KS at the proximal end Signup and view all the answers

In osteoarthritis, what happens to the chondrocytes in hyaline articular cartilage?

They multiply and try to synthesize more matrix molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the hyaluronic acid binding region (HABR) in the proteoglycan (PG) monomer?

To bind to hyaluronic acid (HA) Signup and view all the answers

What causes joint space narrowing in arthritis?

Wear and tear of articular cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aggrecan in forming proteoglycan (PG) aggregates?

To aggregate with hyaluronic acid (HA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contributor to the deformability and compliance of articular cartilage?

Water content Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the proteoglycan (PG) subunit determines where and which glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) will be added on?

Core protein Signup and view all the answers

Which component of proteoglycans attracts water into the cartilage?

Glycosaminoglycans Signup and view all the answers

What happens to cartilage when there are no GAGs in proteoglycans?

It becomes rigid and brittle Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of breakdown of the collagen network in hyaline articular cartilage?

Loss of proteoglycan aggregates into the synovial space Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aggrecan PG monomers in forming PG aggregates?

To increase cartilage hydration Signup and view all the answers

How do chondrocytes receive nutrients in hyaline articular cartilage?

From subchondral bone underneath the cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the proteoglycan monomer resembles a hook allowing it to bind with hyaluronic acid (HA)?

Hyaluronic acid binding region (HABR) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason that proteoglycan (PG) aggregates are protected from enzymatic degradation?

Their negative charge makes them hydrophilic and bulky Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) in the context of osteoarthritis (OA)?

They block the MMP enzymes responsible for cartilage degradation Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme targets the type 2 collagen arcade in cartilage?

Collagenase 1 or MMP 1 Signup and view all the answers

In osteoarthritis (OA), which enzyme specifically targets proteoglycans?

MMP 3 Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the water content in articular cartilage during late osteoarthritis?

It decreases leading to dried dessicated PG aggregates Signup and view all the answers

Which factor upregulates the production of MMP enzymes that contribute to cartilage degradation?

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between normal chondrocytes and those in osteoarthritis (OA)?

'Chondrocytes in OA exhibit intense uptake of metachromatic staining' Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of the worse fragmentation of collagen arcade in osteoarthritis (OA)?

Fragility of collagen network due to collagenases MMP 1 and 13 being up-regulated Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the water content in cartilage in later stages of OA?

Decreases due to drying of cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of decreased proteoglycan (PG) aggregates in osteoarthritis?

Regression to fetal CS-4 instead of CS-6 Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable finding common in both aging and osteoarthritis?

Increased apoptosis and ER stress Signup and view all the answers

What leads to milder non-progressive fibrillation of cartilage?

Lack of hydrophilic GAGs Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving PG aggregates in osteoarthritis?

Aggrecanase Signup and view all the answers

In osteoarthritis, what causes the regression of chondroitin sulfate from CS-6 to CS-4?

Cleavage at the CS-6 hook binding region Signup and view all the answers

What effect does ER stress have on cartilage in aging and osteoarthritis?

ER stress makes cartilage more susceptible to changes Signup and view all the answers

Properties of Hyaline Articular Cartilage Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the main type of collagen found in fibrocartilage?

Which type of joint has hyaline articular cartilage with type 2 collagen and aggregated proteoglycans?

What is the main characteristic of diarthrodial joints?

Which component of joints does not regenerate once worn out?

In which type of joint is the cartilage comprised of thin interlocking fibrous tissue?

What type of mobility is characteristic of AMPHI arthroses?

Which joint has fibrocartilage composed mainly of type 1 collagen?

What is the main function of articular cartilage?

What confers deformability and the ability to distribute load in a reversible sponge-like fashion to hyaline articular cartilage?

What gives hyaline articular cartilage its strength and structure?

Where are the chondroitin sulfate (CS) rich region and keratan sulfate (KS) rich region located on the proteoglycan (PG) core protein?

In osteoarthritis, what happens to the chondrocytes in hyaline articular cartilage?

What is the main function of the hyaluronic acid binding region (HABR) in the proteoglycan (PG) monomer?

What causes joint space narrowing in arthritis?

What is the function of aggrecan in forming proteoglycan (PG) aggregates?

What is the main contributor to the deformability and compliance of articular cartilage?

Which part of the proteoglycan (PG) subunit determines where and which glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) will be added on?

Which component of proteoglycans attracts water into the cartilage?

What happens to cartilage when there are no GAGs in proteoglycans?

What is the consequence of breakdown of the collagen network in hyaline articular cartilage?

What is the function of aggrecan PG monomers in forming PG aggregates?

How do chondrocytes receive nutrients in hyaline articular cartilage?

Which part of the proteoglycan monomer resembles a hook allowing it to bind with hyaluronic acid (HA)?

What is the main reason that proteoglycan (PG) aggregates are protected from enzymatic degradation?

What is the role of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases (TIMPs) in the context of osteoarthritis (OA)?

Which enzyme targets the type 2 collagen arcade in cartilage?

In osteoarthritis (OA), which enzyme specifically targets proteoglycans?

What happens to the water content in articular cartilage during late osteoarthritis?

Which factor upregulates the production of MMP enzymes that contribute to cartilage degradation?

What is the main difference between normal chondrocytes and those in osteoarthritis (OA)?

What is the main cause of the worse fragmentation of collagen arcade in osteoarthritis (OA)?

What happens to the water content in cartilage in later stages of OA?

What is the impact of decreased proteoglycan (PG) aggregates in osteoarthritis?

What is a notable finding common in both aging and osteoarthritis?

What leads to milder non-progressive fibrillation of cartilage?

Which enzyme is responsible for cleaving PG aggregates in osteoarthritis?

In osteoarthritis, what causes the regression of chondroitin sulfate from CS-6 to CS-4?

What effect does ER stress have on cartilage in aging and osteoarthritis?

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